Sleep as an altered state of consciousness

Question 1

What is sleep?

Answer 1

naturally occurring state of altered consciousness

Question 2

What are the 3 biological rhythms of sleep?

Answer 2

• circadian
• infradian
• untradian

Question 3

What is the circadian rhythm?

Answer 3

the body functions and activities that occur in a cycle of 24 hours

Question 4

How long does the circadian rhythm last for?

Answer 4

24 hours

Question 5

What is the internal factors of the circadian rhythm?

Answer 5

(endogeneous)

= suprachiasmatic nucleus that is found in the hypothamulus

Question 6

What does the suprachiasmatic nucleus do?

Answer 6

controls levels of arousal and metabolism and hormones

Question 7

What kind of hormones does the suprachiasmatic nucleus regulate?

Answer 7

• melatonin
• cortisol
• adrenaline

Question 8

What does cortisol do?

Answer 8

released by the suprachiasmatic nucleus

= regulates alertness

Question 9

What does more cortisol mean?

Answer 9

high cortisol = high alertness

Question 10

What does melatonin do?

Answer 10

released by the pineal gland
= more melatonin = more sleepy
= released when it is dark

Question 11

What does adrenaline affect?

Answer 11

heart rate and blood pressure

Question 12

What are some external factors that affect the circadian rhythm?

Answer 12

light and dark

Question 13

What are zeitgebers?

Answer 13

external factors that affect the circadian rhythm

Question 14

What does endogenous mean?

Answer 14

internal factors that affect the circadian rhythm

Question 15

What detects that it is light?

Answer 15

light sensors in our eyes

Question 16

What happens when our eyes sense that it is dark?

Answer 16

eye sensors detect that it is dark
= signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus that it is dark
= suprachiasmatic nucleus tells the pineal gland to release melatonin
= melatonin is released and makes us sleepy

Question 17

Where is your internal body clock found?

Answer 17

in the hypothamulus

Question 18

What is a main environment cue that affects sleep?

Answer 18

light

Question 19

What is the ultradian rhythm?

Answer 19

our bodies activities in a cycle of less than 24 hours

Question 20

What is one cycle of the ultradin rhythm?

Answer 20

less than 24 hours

Question 21

What types of sleep does the ultradian rhythm have?

Answer 21

REM + NREM

Question 22

How many cycles of REM/NREM sleep do adults normally experience per night?

Answer 22

4-5 cycles

Question 23

What are some examples of a circadian rhythm?

Answer 23

= sleep-wake cycle
= body temperature
= alertness

Question 24

What are some examples of an ultradian rhythm?

Answer 24

REM and NREM

sleep cycles

Question 25

How long does one cycle of sleep last?

Answer 25

one cycle is both REM and NREM | = lasts 90 minutes

Question 26

What is a sleep cycle?

Answer 26

one period of REM and NREM

Question 27

What is NREM sleep?

Answer 27

makes up 80% of total sleep time | = stages of sleep not associated with rapid eye movement

Question 28

What happens in stage 1 of NREM?

Answer 28

Around 5 minutes = decrease into true sleep = enter hynogogic state (hypnic jerks = muscle twitches)

Question 29

What happens in stage 2 of NREM?

Answer 29

10-25 minutes but increases in length over time = sleep spindles occur (rapid bursts of brainwaves) = eyes stop rolling + muscles begin to relax = believe we weren't asleep

Question 30

What happens in stage 3 of NREM?

Answer 30

start of deep sleep = harder to wake up = more groggy if woken = heart rate and temperature continue to drop = few minutes

Question 31

What happens in stage 4 of NREM?

Answer 31

deepest stage of sleep = people are hardest to wake = groggy when woken = 20-40 minutes

Question 32

What is REM?

Answer 32

period of sleep where your eyes move rapidly for short bursts of time

Question 33

How often does REM occur in one night?

Answer 33

4-5 times

Question 34

What happens in REM sleep?

Answer 34

rapid eye movements = irregular breathing = body temperature is hard to control

Question 35

What does the body do during REM sleep?

Answer 35

nerve impulses are blocked from below the neck | = muscles don't move

Question 36

What is a paradoxial sleep and why is it known as REM sleep?

Answer 36

Paradoxial = means the body appears to be calm on the outside but the brain is highly active

Question 37

Does dreaming occur in REM or NREM sleep?

Answer 37

REM

Question 38

What kind of sleep occurs in REM sleep?

Answer 38

light sleep

Question 39

What kind of periods occur during REM sleep?

Answer 39

lengthen and occur closer together as the night goes on | = 1-5 = 12-15 etc

Question 40

What stage of sleep will a sleeper only go through once in a night?

Answer 40

Stage 1 of NREM

Question 41

Stage 3 and 4 of NREM will tend to do what as the night progresses?

Answer 41

decrease