Sleep Apnoea (pathology)

Question 1

What is sleep apnoea?

Answer 1

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome —> -ve pressure generated by respiratory movement of chest wall draws upper airway tissue inwards and obstructs airway

Question 2

Risk factors sleep apnoea

Answer 2

• Snoring
• Obesity
• Hypertension
• Acromegaly
• Hypothyroidism

Question 3

What do sleep apnoeas increase risk of?

Answer 3

• ↑ risk of RTAs

- ↑risk of stroke/HD

Question 4

Presentation of sleep apnoea

Answer 4

• Unrefreshing sleep
• Daytime somnolence/sleepiness
• Poor daytime concentration

Question 5

Examination of sleep apnoea

Answer 5

• obese

- acromegaly

Question 6

What examinations for sleep apnoea?

Answer 6

• Epworth questionnaire
  - ≥ 11/24= abnormal
• Overnight oximetry (continuous recording of SaO2&pulse)
• limited sleep studies (embletta)
  • Oronasal flow
  • Thoracoabdominal movement
  • Oximetry
  • Body position
• polysomnography (sleep study + EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG)

Question 7

What is the management for sleep apnoea?

Answer 7

• weight reduction
• avoid alcohol
• diagnose/treat endocrine disease (hypothyroidism, acromegaly)
• CPAP
• mandibular repositioning splint