Sleep Apnoea

Question 1

What are the two types of sleep apnoea?

Answer 1

Obstructive

Central

Question 2

which type of sleep apnoea is most common?

Answer 2

Obstructive sleep apnoea

Question 3

What is obstructive sleep apnoea?

Answer 3

When theres a blockage of the airways causing irregular breathing and snoring patterns - often leading to apnoea

Question 4

What are the causes of obstructive sleep apnoea?

Answer 4

Swollen adenoids
Swollen tonsils 
Jaw misalignment
Obesity - soft tissue pressing down 
Hormonal changes at night 
Consuming depressants - sleeping pills, alcohol

Question 5

What is central sleep apnoea?

Answer 5

When the CNS (brain) stops making an effort to breathe.

Question 6

What is the cycle that’s seen in CNS sleep apnoea?

Answer 6

Person hyperventilates - hypocapnia.
Too little CO2 leads to person stopping breathing - hypercapnoea.
Too much CO2 leads to hyperventilation.
Cycle continues

Question 7

How long does apnoea in CNA apnoea last?

Answer 7

10-30 seconds - can last for a few seconds once patient wakens up triggering panic

Question 8

What are the symptoms of sleep apnoea?

Answer 8

Fatigue
Anginal chest pain - due to drop in O2
stress induced insomnia
nocturia
headaches
difficulty concentrating
sleep deprivation

Question 9

What does sleep apnoea increase your risk of?

Answer 9

Heart failure
Diabetes 
Respiratory failure
Certain cancers
Stroke
Hypertension

Question 10

How is sleep apnoea diagnosed?

Answer 10

Sleep study - polysomnogram

Question 11

What is the treatment for sleep apnoea?

Answer 11

Obstructive - surgery
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Avoid depressants - alcohol and sleeping pills
Weight loss
Smoking cessation

Question 12

What are the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea?

Answer 12

Obesity
Male
Smoking
Alcohol excess
Micrognathia
Neuromuscular disease