COPD Flashcards
What two conditions are classified as COPD?
Emphysema + Chronic bronchitis
What is the main cause of COPD?
Inhaled tobacco, dusts, silica.
If <40 consider alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
When is alpha-1-antitrypsin screening done?
When COPD is diagnosed and patient is:
- <40yrs
- unexplained liver disease
- has no risk factors
- positive family history
What causes liver cirrhosis in A1ATD?
The alpha-1-antitrypsin can’t leave the liver to reach the lungs so it builds up there.
What are the signs of COPD?
SOB on exertion
wheezing (sometimes)
chest tightness (sometimes)
Chronic productive cough
What are signs of a COPD exacerbation?
acute worsening symptoms of the COPD which requires additional therapy than the normal therapy given
What medication is given for COPD?
smoking cessation vaccination oxygen therapy (at least 15hrs) bronchodilators: SABA, SAMA, LABA, LAMA corticosteroids.
What is the aim oxygen saturation for someone with COPD?
88-92% - to allow some vasoconstriction still to occur.
What is an example of a SABA?
Albuterol
What is an example of a SAMA?
Ipratropium.
What Is an example of a LABA?
Formoterol
What is an example of a LAMA?
Tiotropium
What medication is given during a COPD EXACERBATION?
Supplemental oxygen
Inhaled bronchodilators (Short term SABA or SAMA)
Systemic corticosteroids (NOT inhaled)
Antibiotics
*No inhaled bronchodilators and No long term LAMA or LABA
What are the signs of cor pulmonale?
Jugular venous distention
peripheral oedema
hepatomegaly
what is the ratio of FEV1/FVC for a diagnosis of COPD?
<70% of predicted best for height, age, weight, gender.
