Sleep Apnea Flashcards
More common sleep apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea
Causes daytime sleepiness, impairs daily function, major contributor to cardiovascular disease in adults and behavioral problems in children
OSAHS
Impairs overnight gas exchange results in insomnia or excessive sleepiness
Central sleep apnea
Diagnosis of OSA/Hypopnea syndrome
Symptoms of nocturnal breathing disturbances or daytime sleepiness or fatigue that occurs despite sufficient opportunities to sleep and is unexplained by other medical problems
+
>/= 5 obstructed apnea or hypopnea per hour of sleep
*May be diagnosed in the absence of symptoms if the AHI >15
MC level of airway collapse
Soft palate
OSAHS may be most severe
During REM and in the supine position
Major risk factors for OSAHS
Obesity
Males
*Prevalence in women: after menopause
MC complaint of OSAHS
Snoring
MC daytime symptom
Sleepiness
Gold standard for diagnosis of OSAHS
Overnight polysomnogram (PSG)
Apnea definition
Cessation of airflow >/= 10 sec during sleep accompanied by
Persistent respiratory effort (obstructive apneas) or
Absence of respiratory effort (central apneas)
Hypopnea definition
> /= 30% reduction in airflow for at least 10 sec during sleep that is accompanied by either a >/= 3% desaturation or an arousal
A partially obstructed breath that does not meet the criteria for hypopnea but provides evidence of increasing inspiratory effort punctuated by an arousal
Respiratory effort-related arousal (RERA)
Partially obstructed breath, typically within a hypopnea or RERA, identified by a flattened or “scooped-out” inspiratory flow shape
Flow-limited breath
MC medical cause of daytime sleepiness
OSAHS
