Bronchiectasis Flashcards
Irreversible airway dilatation
Bronchiectasis
MC type of bronchiectasis
Tubular/Cylindrical
others: varicose, cystic
Bronchiectasis usually due to airway obstruction
Focal bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis usually with an underlying systemic or infectious disease process
Diffuse bronchiectasis
2 types of focal bronchiectasis
Extrinsic: compression of adjacent lymphadenopathy or parenchymal tumor mass
Intrinsic: airway tumor, aspirated foreign body, scarred/stenotic airway, bronchial atresia
Predominantly found in Upper lung fields
Cystic fibrosis
Postradiation fibrosis
Predominantly in lower lung fields
Chronic recurrent aspiration
End-stage fibrotic lung disease
Recurrent immunodeficiency-associated infections
Predominantly in midlung fields
Infections
Congenital causes
Predominantly in the central airways
ABPA
Congenital
Significant clinical bronchiectasis in late adolescence or early adulthood
Cystic fibrosis
MC clinical presentation of bronchiectasis
Persistent cough + production of thick tenacious sputum
Emphysema + bronchiectasis
a1 deficiency
Specific CXR finding in bronchiectasis
“Tram tracks” indicating dilated airways
CT scan (imaging of choice for confirming diagnosis) findings
Parallel “tram tracks”
“signet-ring sign”
“tree in bud” pattern
Common infectious agents in bronchiectasis
Haemophilus influenza
P.aeruginosa
Diagnosis of true NTM infection in patients with symptoms and radiographic findings of lung disease
(+) culture >/= 2 sputum samples
(+) >/= BAL fluid sample
(+) biopsy sample displaying histopathologic features of NTM infection (granuloma or a positive AFB) + 1 positive sputum culture
(+) culture of PF sample
MC NTM (nontuberculous mycobacteria)
MAC
Treatment for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Itraconazole
