Bronchiectasis

Question 1

Irreversible airway dilatation

Answer 1

Bronchiectasis

Question 2

MC type of bronchiectasis

Answer 2

Tubular/Cylindrical

others: varicose, cystic

Question 3

Bronchiectasis usually due to airway obstruction

Answer 3

Focal bronchiectasis

Question 4

Bronchiectasis usually with an underlying systemic or infectious disease process

Answer 4

Diffuse bronchiectasis

Question 5

2 types of focal bronchiectasis

Answer 5

Extrinsic: compression of adjacent lymphadenopathy or parenchymal tumor mass

Intrinsic: airway tumor, aspirated foreign body, scarred/stenotic airway, bronchial atresia

Question 6

Predominantly found in Upper lung fields

Answer 6

Cystic fibrosis

Postradiation fibrosis

Question 7

Predominantly in lower lung fields

Answer 7

Chronic recurrent aspiration
End-stage fibrotic lung disease
Recurrent immunodeficiency-associated infections

Question 8

Predominantly in midlung fields

Answer 8

Infections

Congenital causes

Question 9

Predominantly in the central airways

Answer 9

ABPA

Congenital

Question 10

Significant clinical bronchiectasis in late adolescence or early adulthood

Answer 10

Cystic fibrosis

Question 11

MC clinical presentation of bronchiectasis

Answer 11

Persistent cough + production of thick tenacious sputum

Question 12

Emphysema + bronchiectasis

Answer 12

a1 deficiency

Question 13

Specific CXR finding in bronchiectasis

Answer 13

“Tram tracks” indicating dilated airways

Question 14

CT scan (imaging of choice for confirming diagnosis) findings

Answer 14

Parallel “tram tracks”
“signet-ring sign”
“tree in bud” pattern

Question 15

Common infectious agents in bronchiectasis

Answer 15

Haemophilus influenza

P.aeruginosa

Question 16

Diagnosis of true NTM infection in patients with symptoms and radiographic findings of lung disease

Answer 16

(+) culture >/= 2 sputum samples
(+) >/= BAL fluid sample
(+) biopsy sample displaying histopathologic features of NTM infection (granuloma or a positive AFB) + 1 positive sputum culture
(+) culture of PF sample

Question 17

MC NTM (nontuberculous mycobacteria)

Answer 17

MAC

Question 18

Treatment for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

Answer 18

Itraconazole