Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pulmonary > Sleep Apnea > Flashcards

Sleep Apnea Flashcards

1
Q

stages of sleep

A

non-REM - stages 1, 2, and slow wave

REM stage

4-5 cycles per night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

stages of sleep and ventilation

A

stage 1 - periodic

slow wave - regular

tonic stage REM - mostly regular

phastic stage REM - irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

obstructive apnea

A

cessation of respiration that lasts at least 10 seconds, due to obstruction in the upper airway

may be associated with arousal and/or desaturation

hypopnea - shallow breathing in which the air flow in and out of the airway is less than half of normal - usually associated with oxygen desaturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

central apnea

A

pause in respiratory activity due to failure to initiate the breath (no obstruction present)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

obstructive sleep apnea

A

characterized by repeated episodes of apnea and hypopnea rsulting from inspiratory occlusion o fhte upper airway during sleep

syndrome is defined by OSA with daytime sleepiness (hypersolmnolence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

possible causes of obstructive sleep apnea

A

anatomy

physics

genetics

neural control

hormonal control

muscle control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

venturi effect

A

describes the acceleration of airflow that occurs as a current of air enters a narrow passageway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

OSA and the obesity hypoventilation syndrome

A

obesity drives the development of both sleep apnea and daytime hypercapnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

apnea hypopnea index

A

the number of apneas plus hypopneas per hour of sleep

greater than 5 defines OSA, but clinically significant and potentially serious complications generally do not occur unless AHI is >15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

affect of testosterone on control of breathing

A

reduces sensitivity of response and depresses breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

complaints related to OSA

A

day time sleepiness/fatigue

AM headaches

vivid dreams

insomnia

hyperactivity

memory and learning impairments

snoring

unrefreshing sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

types of questionnaires for OSA

A

Berlin questionnaire and STOP BANG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

STOP BANG

A

snoring

Tired

Observed

Pressure (blood)

BMI

Age

Neck size

Gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mallampati classification

A

○ Class I - can see clear through to posterior phalanx and bottom of uvula

○ Class II - can’t see bottom of the uvula

○ Class III - can barely see the phalanx

○ Class IV - can barely see the palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

long term outcomes for OSA

A

cardiovascular

cognitive

inflammatory

metabolic

cancer

quality of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

risk factors for OSA

A

excess body weight

shirt collar size of 17 inches or larger

crowded pharynx

alcohol consumption

supine position during sleep

smoking

nasal congestion

hormonal changes during menopause

hypothyroidism

17
Q

cardiac issues associated with OSA

A

hypertension

inability for the left ventricle to pump blood due to negative intrathoracic pressures - PH long term

18
Q

What aspects of neuro-cognition is affected the most by OSA?

A

executive functioning

vigilance

19
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing OSA?

A

overnight polsomnography

20
Q

treatment for OSA

A

depends on the severity of the condition

in all cases, try to correct exacerbating conditions such as excess weight, alcohol or sedative use at bedtime, and nasal congestion

only weight loss has been shown to reliably improve OSA

21
Q

treatment for mild cases of OSA

A

avoidance of supine positions

weight reduction

22
Q

treatment for severe cases of OSA

A

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via nasal or full-face mask

drying of mucosal membranes is a problem

severe OSA not adequately treated with CPAP is an indication for tracheostomy

23
Q

surgical therapy for OSA

A

uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

laser assisted uvuolplasty

radio frequency volumetric tissue reduction

maxillary mandibular osteotomy

hyoid suspension

gastric reduction or bypass

tracheostomy

24
Q

types of hoome nocturnal positive airway pressure devices

A

continuous pressure - unchanged throughout the night

bilevel pressure - separate inspiratory and expiratory pressure

autopressure - deliver pressure changes breath to breath

Pulmonary (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions