Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pulmonary > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

cells involved in asthma

A

mast cells

eosinophils

T lymphocytes

neutrophils

epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

symptoms of asthma

A

variable and reversible airflow obstruction

airway wall inflammation

airway hyperreactivity

recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough, particularly in early mroning hours

colds “go to the chest” or take more than 10 days to clear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

current asthma prevalcence is higher among ___

A

children than adults

boys than girls

women than men

mortality higher among African Americans than Caucasions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

risk factors for asthma

A

bronchial hyperresponsiveness

genetic predisposition

gender

early infections

atopy

exposure to indoor allergens

outdoor pollution

exposure to tobacco smoke

obesity

prematurity

diet

inactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

characteristics of the inflammatory response in asthma

A

cellular infiltration

epithelial disruption

mucosal edema

mucus plugging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

atopy

A

the body’s redisposition to develop and antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE) in response to exposure to environmental allergens

can be measured in the blood

includes allergic rhinitis, asthma, hay fever, and eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

status asthmaticus

A

severe, life-threatening asthma attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

factors that favor the Th2 phenotype

A

widespread use of antibiotics

Western lifestyle

urban environment

diet

sensitization to house-dust mites and cockroaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

factors favoring the Th1 phenotype

A

presence of older siblings

early exposure to day care

tuberculosis, measles, or hepatitis A infection

rural environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Th2 interleukins

A

IL-13, IL-4, and IL-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Discuss the pathophysiology of asthma.

A

epithelial cell disruption

thickening of the basement membrane (type III and IV collagen)

smooth muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia

increased number of goblet cells

enlarged submucous glands, intraluminal mucus

infiltration of the bronchial mucosa and sbumucosa by eosinophils, Th2 lymphocytes, mast cells, and othe rinflammatory cells

production of cytokines, arachidonic acid metabolites, bradykinins, and other factors

transcription factors for cytokines elevated as well as NF-kB, promoting production of IgE by plasma cells against specific antigens

mast cells react to antigen and release granules including histamine as well as IL-4 and Il-5, which continues the cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

occupational exposures that can trigger asthma

A

toluene diisocyanate, flour, wood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

airway changes in asthma

A

epithelial cell disruption

thickening of the subendothelial basement membrane

inflammatory infiltrate throughout the lung

enlarged goblet cells and increased number

hypertrophy of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

stages of inflammation and remodeling in asthma

A

acute response

chronic inflammation

airway remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

acute response in asthma

A

bronchoconstriction

edema

secretions

cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

chronic inflammation in asthma

A

cell recruitment

epithelial damage

early structural changes

17
Q

airway remodeling in asthma

A

cellular proliferation - smooth muscle, mucous

increased matrix protein deposition

basement membrane thickening

angiogenesis

18
Q

Describe the volume-time curves of spirometry in an asthmatic.

A
19
Q

Describe the flow-volume loop of spirometry in an asthmatic.

A

lower peak expiratory flow rate

Scooped, concave exipiration

Increased static volume, decreased forced volume

20
Q

What is a hallmark of asthma in terms of lung function?

A

displays variability

21
Q

physiology in asthma

A

expiratory airflow obstruction

inspiratory obstruction minimized by the inverse relationship between lung volume and airway resistance

FEV1 falls mroe than FVC to lower FEV1/FVC

diffusion capacity is normal or slightly increased (angiogenesis -> more blood)

airway hyperreactivity as demonstrated by methacoline provocation - drop more than 20% at low doses

22
Q

therapeutic approach to asthma

A

education

environmental control measures

peak expiratory flow monitoring

medications

23
Q

criteria for intermittent asthma

A

symptoms < 2 days a week

nighttime awakenings < 2 times a month

short-acting beta2-agonist use < 2 days a week

no interference with noromal activity

normal FEV1 between exacerbations

FEV1 > 80% predicted

FEV1/FVC normal

0-1 exacerbations per year requiring oral systemic corticosteroids

***not fulfilling any one of these criteria makes it a persistent asthma

24
Q

goals of asthma management

A

achieve and maintain control of symptoms

maintain normal activity levels, including exercise

maintain pulmonary function as close to normal levels as posssible

prevent asthma exacerbations

avoid adverse effects from asthma medications

prevent asthma mortality

25
Q

medications used to control asthma

A

inhaled glucocorticosteroids

luekotriene modifiers

long-acting inhaled beta2-agonists with glucocorticosteroids

systemic glucocorticosteroids

theophylline

cormolyn sodium

anti-IgE Ab

26
Q

asthma rescue medications

A

rapid acting inhaled beta2-agonists

inhaled anticholinergics

theophylline

short-acting oral beta2-agonists

27
Q

What agents have sufficient evidence of a causal relationship with asthma?

A

cat

cockroach

house dust mite

environmental tobacco smoke (among pre-school aged children)

28
Q

inhaled glucocorticosteorids

A

budesonide

fluticasone

mometasone

beclomethasone

29
Q

leukotriene modifiers

A

montelukast

zafirlkast

zileuton

30
Q

long-acting inhaled beta2-agonists + inhaled glucocorticosteroids

A

salmeterol + fluticasone

formoterol + budesonide

formoterol + mometasone

31
Q

systemic glucocorticosteroids

A

prednisone

methylprednisolone

32
Q

omalizumab

A

anti-IgE antibody

33
Q

rapid-acting inhaled beta2-agonists

A

albuterol

salbutamol

34
Q

inhaled anticholintergics

A

ipratropium

Pulmonary (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions