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Psychological Psychology > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

______ sleep less.

A

Prey

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2
Q

______ is a universal phenomenon among vertebrates.

A

Sleep

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3
Q

Why do we sleep?

A

So the brain can rest

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4
Q

Why do we know sleep is not important for our body (wear and tear) and specifically for our brain?

A

Six week study on sleep found no changes on individuals SW or REM sleep cycle, does not impact our body.

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5
Q

After 2 days of sleep deprivation, what are some symptoms?

A

tremors, difficulty focusing eyes, increased sensitivity to pain

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6
Q

After 4 days of sleep deprivation, what are some symptoms?

A

paranoid delusions, bizarre hallucinations

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7
Q

What does an EEG measure?

A

Electrical activity outside of the brain

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8
Q

How long is the sleep cycle?

A

90 minutes

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9
Q

What are the stages of brain waves during the sleep cycle?

A 
Awake: alpha and beta
Stage 1: Theta
Stage 2: Sleep spindle and K complex
Stage 3: Delta activity: synchronized
Stage 4: Delta activity
REM: theta and beta: desynchronized DREAMING
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10
Q

What stage does dreaming take place?

A

REM

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11
Q

What stage is synchronized?

A

delta

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12
Q

What stage is desynchronized?

A

Theta and beta

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13
Q

_____ is a time of intense physiological activity.

A

REM

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14
Q

EEG desynchrony, Rapid irregular waves, lack of muscle tonus, penile erection or vaginal secretion, dreams:

A

REM

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15
Q

EEG synchrony, moderate muscle tonus, slow or absent eye movements, lack of genital activity:

A

Slow waves

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16
Q

Throughout the night you can _____ and ______ deep sleep.

A

Less and less

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17
Q

The increase in REM sleep seen after a period of REM sleep deprivation:

A

Rebound phenonmen

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18
Q

Muscle paralysis occurs during:

A

slow wave

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19
Q

The highest proportion of REM sleep is seen during the most active phase of _____ _______

A

Brain development

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20
Q

Something you can state:

A

Declarative

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21
Q

Something you can remember but not state:

A

Non-declarative

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22
Q

Why do REM sleep?

A

Consolidate non-declarative memories

23
Q

Why do we slow wave sleep?

A

Consolidate declarative learning

24
Q

Inability to fall asleep:

A

Insomnia

25
Q

Failure to breathe while sleeping:

A

Sleep apnea

26
Q

Failure to paralyze muscles during REM sleep:

A

REM sleep disorder

27
Q

People who snore are more likely to have what sleep disorder:

A

Sleep apnea

28
Q

What do you use to treat insomnia?

A

Benzodazapines that work on GABA receptors

29
Q

Irresistible sleep:

A

Narcolepsy

30
Q

Complete paralysis during walking (triggered by sudden emotions):

A

Cataplexy

31
Q

Paralysis just before falling asleep:

A

Sleep paralysis

32
Q

Vivid dreams before falling asleep:

A

Hypnagogic hallucinations

33
Q

Genetic autoimmune disorder where body attacks neurons responsible for arousal/wakefulness:

A

Cataplexy

34
Q

Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, and orexin are neurotransmitters responsible for what?

A

Neural control of arousal

35
Q

One of the most important neurotransmitters involved in arousal—especially of the cerebral cortex—is

A

Acetycholine

36
Q

A dark-colored group of noradrenergic cell bodies located in the pons; involved in arousal and vigilance.

A

Locus coeruleus

37
Q

Activating behavior:

A

Serotonin and acetycholine

38
Q

Almost all of the brain’s serotonergic neurons are found in the:

A

Raphe nuclei

39
Q

A group of nuclei located in the reticular formation of the medulla, pons, and midbrain, situated along the midline; contain serotonergic neurons.

A

Raphe nuclei

40
Q

When does serotonin take a spike in the sleep cycle?

A

Right after REM sleep

41
Q

A nucleus in the ventral posterior hypothalamus; contains histaminergic neurons involved in cortical activation and behavioral arousal.

A

tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN)

42
Q

Narcolepsy is most often treated with modafinil, a drug that suppresses the drowsiness associated with this disorder.

A

Orexin

43
Q

How does modafinil work?

A

by stimulating the release of orexin in the TMN, which activates the histaminergic neurons located there.

44
Q

What chemicals originate in the pons?

A

Acetycholine and noreponephrine

45
Q

What neurons are lost in narcolepsy?

A

Orexin

46
Q

What is histamine??

A

The TMN of the hypothalamas

47
Q

Where is serotonin primarily located?

A

Raphe nucleus

48
Q

A group of GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area whose activity suppresses alertness and behavioral arousal and promotes sleep.

A

ventrolateral preoptic area (vlPOA)

49
Q

Inhibition of what leads to sleep?

A

Arousal neural transmitters

50
Q

Narcolepsy is caused by the lack of?

A

Orexin

51
Q

_____ neurons hold the system ( our body) in the awake position to keep us awake.

A

Orexin

52
Q

REM-ON in REM flip-flop & where is it located?

A

SLD (Sublaterodorsal nucleus)

located in the dorsal pons

53
Q

REM-off in REM flip-flop & where is it located?

A

viPAG (ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter)

located in the dorsal midbrain

54
Q

REM-on cells promote:

A

1) REM
2) Movements
3) Gentical activity

Psychological Psychology (9 decks)

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