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Hugh's MD1 Respiratory > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

How long do REM cycles go for?

A

90 minutes

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2
Q

What type of sleep is the deepest and most refreshing?

A

Stage 4

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2
Q

Which hormone controls circadian rhythms?

A

Melatonin

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3
Q

What happens to ventilation at the onset of sleep?

A

There is an initial drop then an compensatory increases in response to the greater CO2

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3
Q

During which sleep stage is PaCO2 the highest? Why?

A

REM because there is the greatest muscle relaxation

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4
Q

What are some effects of sleep deprivation?

A

Brain:

Irritability

Poor memory

Lethargy

Impaired moral judgement

ADHD symptoms

Severe yawning

Hallucinations

Heart:

Variable HR

Risk of heart disease

Risk of type 2 diabetes

Growth reduction

Increased weight

Decreased reaction time

Aches and tremors

Decreased temperature

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4
Q

What does EOG measure?

A

Eye movement

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5
Q

How does the structure of the elderly’s sleep compare to younger people?

A

More broken

Less total time

Less deep sleep

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6
Q

Why must muscles be paralysed during REM sleep?

A

Because there are movement commands from the corticol brain centre

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6
Q

Why is napping bad from insomniacs?

A

It reduces their drive to sleep later in the day so that they remain in debt

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8
Q

How many hours of sleep per night is associated with the lowest mortality?

A

7

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8
Q

What happens to upper airway resistance during sleep?

A

It increases due to muscle relaxation and the tongue dropping back

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9
Q

Depletion of what and accumulation of what lead to disinhibition of VLPO and the flipping of the switch towards sleep?

A

Depletion of ATP

Accumulation of adenosine

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11
Q

T/F as sleep deprivation increases and performance increases in a linear relationship, people are aware of their continuing lowering of performance.

A

False, their awareness of dropping performance tapers off

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12
Q

What type of sleep most commonly preceeds wakefulness?

A

REM

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13
Q

What levels of sleep deprivation are equvalent to a blood alcohol of 0.05%?

A

18-24 hours without sleep

5hours in 4-5 nights

Moderate-severe sleep apnoea

Return trans-altantic flight

14
Q

Which muscle groups aren’t paralysed during REM sleep?

A

The respiratory and occular

15
Q

Which area of the brain controls circadian rhythms?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus - it contains are biological clock

15
Q

Where does the suprachiasmatic nucleus receive input from?

A

Light receptors of the eyes

The intergeniculate leaflet of the lateral geniculate thalamic nucleus

17
Q

Why do people sleep?

A

Because you’ll get sleepy otherwise

Learning - consolidate learning

Brain development (REM)

Repair and maintenance

Energy preservation?

Keep out of trouble?

18
Q

What does circadian rhythms encourage sleep?

A

Early afternoons and late evenings

20
Q

How would you decribe the bodies’ movement during non-REM sleep?

A

Episodic and involuntary

21
Q

What does EMG measure?

A

Muscle activity

22
Q

During sleep which sensors are the most important for driving breathing?

A

The central and peripheral chemoreceptors

24
Q

What does EEG measure?

A

Brain activity

24
Q

Which age group has the highest amount of REM sleep? What percentage of their sleep does it make up?

A

Infants, 50% (cf to 25% in adults

26
Q

During sleep, which sensors/inputs for control of breathing are lost?

A

Higher brain

Wakeful drive to sleep

Emotional stimuli

27
Q

What is sleep characterised by?

A

Reduced responsiveness to external stimuli

Ability to return to wakefulness

Decreased aware of external environment

Stereotypical positions

Accumulation of debt

29
Q

What happens to body temperature during the circadian cycle?

A

It decreases at night

30
Q

How do sleeping paterns of the elderly differ from the typical?

A

They tend to sleep and wake earlier

Hugh's MD1 Respiratory (15 decks)

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