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Hugh's MD1 Respiratory > Influenza > Flashcards

Influenza Flashcards

1
Q

What is the clinical presentation of season influenza?

A

Fever, chills, cough, headache, muscle aches, fatigue and loss of appetite

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2
Q

What does the CXR of patients with seasonal influenza look like?

A

Clear

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3
Q

How long does acute influenza infection last?

A

7 days or longer.

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4
Q

What groups of people are at risk of severe influenza infection?

A

Young

Elderly

Those with underlying heart, lung, renal, metabolic disease

Pregnant women

Obese people

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5
Q

What is the incubation period of influenza?

A

1-5 days depending on the size of the innoculation

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6
Q

What receptors do viruses bind to? Where are they located in the body?

A

Sialic acid containing receptors in non-cilia cells on the respiratory tract

They are also present throughout the body

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7
Q

What causes headaches, muscle aches and malaise in influenza?

A

IFN

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8
Q

Which type of influenza is only in humans?

A

B

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9
Q

How are influenza type differentiated?

A

Antibodies to internal antigens differentiate them

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10
Q

What type of genome does influenza have?

A
  • sense RNA genome
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11
Q

What is the function of NS1?

A

Inhibit interferon

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12
Q

What does HA do?

A

Gripper

It binds to sialic acid

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13
Q

What does NA do?

A

It’s the snipper

Cuts sialic acid

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14
Q

What do all type A subtypes share?

A

Internal proteins

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15
Q

How many subtypes of HA and NA are there?

A

17 and 9 respectively

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16
Q

What enzyme is required for new virion to be infectious?

A

tryptase Clara

17
Q

What is the function of tryptase Clara

A

Cleave HA after viral budding

18
Q

What two aspects of the immune system are important in influenza?

A

CD8+ T cell response

Antibodies

19
Q

How does antigen shift work in influenza?

A

Single amino acid mutations occur do to error in replication. If these change HA (or NA) so they they are no longer recognised by antibody then they will be selected for.

20
Q

What does the influenza vaccine contain?

A

Inactivated virus with H1N1, H3N2 and influenza B

21
Q

What type of immune response does the influenza vaccine stimulate?

A

Antibody (not cytotoxic T cell)

22
Q

What are the targets of anti-viral drugs?

A

Ion channel blockers to prevent endosome escape by RNPs

NA inhibitors to block efficient release of virus

23
Q

What is the difference between avian and human HA?

A

Human recognises SA alpha 2-6 galactose while avian recognises 2-3

24
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

Sudden appearance of new HA subtype from birds due to gene segment swapping in a co-infected host

25
Q

T/F Swine HINI and Avian H5N1 are both susceptible to NA inhibitors?

A

True

Hugh's MD1 Respiratory (15 decks)

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