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Neuroscience > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 4 stages of sleep?

A

1- Light sleep
2- Sleep
3&4- Deep slow wave sleep
REM- dreaming

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1
Q

How do you investigate sleep?

A 
Polysomgram:
EEG
ECG
Breathing patterns
EMG- muscle movements
Video camera
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2
Q

What does EEG stand for?

A

Electroencephalogram

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3
Q

What is the ‘awake rhythm’ when you are awake with eyes closed, on an EEG?

A

Alpha rhythm

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4
Q

What is the ‘open eyed rhythm’?

A

Beta rhythm

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5
Q

What is the sleep rhythm in an EEG?

A

Theta rhythm

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6
Q

What rhythm is seen in slow wave, stage 4 sleep?

A

Delta rhythm

Good quality

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7
Q

What happens in REM sleep with regards to muscles?

A

Muscle paralysis

Don’t act out dreams

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8
Q

Dreaming sleep REM rhythm is similar to which rhythm?

A

The awake rhythm

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9
Q

What parts of the brain are involved in sleep?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Brainstem

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10
Q

What things are recorded in an polysomnogram?

A

EEG
ECG

Etc

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11
Q

What does it mean if a patient has delta rhythm whilst awake?

A

There is something wrong

Maybe tumour or encephalitis

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12
Q

Causes of insomnia

A 
Drugs
Stress
Depression
Brain injury
Poor sleep hygiene
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13
Q

What substance helps you sleep?

A

Melatonin

Suppressed in the light

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14
Q

EDS

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness

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15
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of narcolepsy?

A 
EDS
Cataplexy
Sleep paralysis
Hypnogogic hallucinations 
(Vivid dreams as well)
16
Q

What is cataplexy?

A

Loss of muscle tone- Antonia

Associated with heightened emotion/emotional arousal- no loss of consciousness, just slump

17
Q

What hormones are cataplexy patients deficient in?

Why are they deficient?

A

Hypocretin 1 & 2

Due to immune mediated attack on cells that produce these hormones in hypothalamus

18
Q

Treatment of narcolepsy

A

Stimulant- amphetamines & modafonil- stay awake in day

Anti cataplexy

Xyrem- helps sleep at night

19
Q

Mechanisms of restless leg syndrome?

A

Iron deficiency

Dopaminergic system

20
Q

Parasomnia

A

Abnormal behaviors, movements, emotions, perceptions, dreams

REM & non REM (NREM)

21
Q

Do night terrors occur in REM or NREM sleep?

A

Non REM

22
Q

What occurs in REM sleep behaviour disorders?

A

Acting out dreams

23
Q

How do you treat obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

CPAP
Mask around nose & mouth
Creates enough positive pressure to keep airway open

24
Q

Hynogogic

A

Dropping off to sleep

25
Q

Hypnopompic

A

Waking up

Neuroscience (20 decks)

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