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Neuroscience > Neuromuscular Junction > Flashcards

Neuromuscular Junction Flashcards

0
Q

Which NT is involved in neuromuscular junctions & what receptor us involved in muscle contraction?

A

ACh

Nicotinic ACh rec

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1
Q

What is an end plate region?

A

When a nerve fibre branch attaches to muscle

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2
Q

What enzyme converts AcCoA + Choline ➡️ Ach?

A

Choline Acetylcholinesterase

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3
Q

What type of channel is the nicotinic receptor?

A

A ligand gated ion channel

Ionotropic

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4
Q

Where is Acetylcholinesterase found?

A

On muscle, right next to the nicotinic receptors

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5
Q

What ions flows in when nicotinic receptor channels open?

A

Na+

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6
Q

What is an AP called in muscle with a small influx of sodium through nicotinic receptors?

A

A mini end plate potential

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7
Q

What does the MEPP open?

A

Voltage gated sodium channels, large influx of sodium, causes EPP.

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8
Q

What ion negatively modulates calcium channels?

A

Mg2+

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9
Q

What is lost in myasthenia gravis?

A

Nicotinic receptors (autoimmune disease)

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10
Q

MG treatment

A

Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine

Medium duration

Inhibit Acholinesterase

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11
Q

MG diagnosis

A

Edrophonium

Short duration

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12
Q

What neuromuscular blocker is used to anaesthetise a patient with a full stomach?

A

Suxamethonium
Agonist to Ach
Works in 1 min - fast!

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13
Q

Non- depolarising blocking agents (antagonists) have a ……. duration of action than depolarising (agonist) agents

A

Longer

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14
Q

Name egs of non depol blocking agents/ agonists

A

Vecuronium
Atricurium
Mivacurium

Take 3-4 mins to work

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15
Q

What does atricurium cause to be released?

A

Histamine

16
Q

How does atricurium leave the body?

A

Hoffman elimination =

Spontaneous degradation

17
Q

Name the 1 depolarising blocker (agonist)

How is it different to non-depolarising blockers?

A

Suxamethonium

Takes 1 min to work

Has shorter duration of action

18
Q

What would you switch too after the patient in emergency surgery with a full stomach is intubated using Suxamethonium?

A

Non depolarising blocking agents

Eg vecuronium

19
Q

How long can Suxamethonium stay near the receptor before it is broken down?

A

10 mins

Ach broken down much quicker

20
Q

Side effect of depolarising blockers

A

Hyperkalaemia
⬆️ K+
Leads to cardiac arythmias

21
Q

Side effect of depolarising blocker Suxamethonium

A

Parasympathetic effects- bradycardia, inc bronchial & saliva secretion

Malignant hyperpyrexia- inc body temp (v rate)

Prolonged paralysis

22
Q

Who can you not give Suxamethonium?

A

People on antichilinesterases

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