Sleep

Question 1

What is Sleep?

Answer 1

Defined as a natural and reversible state of reduced responsiveness to external stimuli.

Question 2

Two core sleep stages

Answer 2

• Slow wave sleep (SWS)
• Rapid eye movement (REM)

Question 3

Slow wave sleep

Answer 3

Hallmarked by slow high amplitude EEG oscillations

• generated in the prefrontal cortex

Question 4

REM

Answer 4

• Characterized by wake like fast and low-amplitude oscillatory brain activity
• Like the person is awake but are not.
• Accounts for 20-50% of total sleep time.
• Generated in the brain stem with PGO waves

Question 5

Laad 1892

Answer 5

• First to notice peoples eye movements in their sleep
• Hypothesized that they were watching their dreams but this was disproved

Question 6

Sleep spindles

Answer 6

• can occur in response to stimulation but also occur regularly and may be linked to memory consolidation
• key elements in the reduced sensory responsiveness during sleep

Question 7

REM sleep memory consolidaiton

Answer 7

• Theta waves are found in the hippocampus during REM sleep
• seems to be associated with memory consolidation

Question 8

areas of the brain involved in sleep

Answer 8

• hippocampus
• individuals with difficulty sleeping had damage to anterior region
• individuals with difficulty staying awake - damage to posterior region

Question 9

REM sleep purposes

Answer 9

• memory consolidation
• development - mammals born with a lot of development need more REM sleep than those born with not a lot of development
• mono amine regulation

Question 10

biological functions of sleep - Xie 2013

Answer 10

• sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain
• beta-amyloid (which is liked to AD) is cleared 2x faster in sleeping mice
• sleep is restorative