Sleep Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Stage 1

A

theta waves

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2
Q

Stage 2

A

has sleep spindles and k-complexes

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3
Q

Awake/Alert

A

beta waves

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4
Q

Relaxed/Drowsy

A

alpha waves

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5
Q

Stage 3

A

Sleep Spindles and K-Complexes
- delta waves

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6
Q

Stage 4

A

delta waves

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7
Q

REM Sleep

A

rapid eye movement
- when most dreaming occurs
- loss of muscle tone (REM atone) which limits the ability to move
- suspension of homeostasis = increased variability in thermoregulation, respiration, circulation, and other functions

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8
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

cycles of metabolic and behavioural processes which correspond to the rotation of the earth
- wakefulness is maintained by the brainstem and hypothalamus, and inhibition by a different part of the hypothalamus produces sleep

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9
Q

Nocturnal

A

awake at night, asleep during the day
- BATS, OWLS, RACOONS

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9
Q

Diurnal

A

awake during the day, asleep at night
- HUMANS

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10
Q

Crepuscular

A

awake at twilight (dawn and dusk), asleep at night and during the day
- CATS, RABBITS, FOXES

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11
Q

Cathemeral

A

irregular, frequent, or seasonally based cycles
- LIONS, LEMURS, COYOTES

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12
Q

Sleep Homeostasis

A

if you prevent them from sleeping, they will sleep longer to “make-up” the lost sleep

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13
Q

Unihemispheric Sleep

A

the ability to sleep one cortical hemisphere at a time, to facilitate breathing and avoid predation
ie; dolphins and birds

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14
Q

Parasomnia

A

abnormalities in their experiences of sleep, which may or may not be of medical concern

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15
Q

Nightmare Disorder

A

repeated nightmares which impede quality sleep via awakenings and an inability to fall back asleep -> daytime sleepiness and impaired cognition

16
Q

Night Terrors

A

intense expressions of terror and physiological arousal during sleep

17
Q

Somnambulism (Sleepwalking)

A

getting out of bed and walking around while you sleep

18
Q

Dyssomnia

A

disturbances in falling asleep, remaining asleep, or of excess sleepiness

19
Q

Hypersomnia

A

excessive sleep

20
Q

Non-24 Hour Sleep-Wake

A

when one’s circadian rhythm does not equal 24 hours
- very rare in sighted people but more common in vision impaired individuals

21
Q

Irregular sleep-wake rhythm

A

no discernible pattern to sleep and wakefulness
- typically only seen in people with serous brain injuries or neurodegeneration

22
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep
- frequent waking, low-quality sleep, daytime sleepiness, headaches, low concentration, irritability

23
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A

when the thought relaxes and blocks the airway

24
Q

Central Sleep Apnea

A

when the brain ceases to communicate with the muscles that control breathing

25
Q

Melatonin

A

hormone secreted at night by th spinal gland, which helps tp regulate sleep-wake cycles and produces sleepiness

26
Q

Insomnia Treatment

A

hypnotics ie; barbiturates and benzos

Sedatives ie; opiates, anesthetics, anti-depressants, anti-histamines

27
Q

Treating Narcolepsy

A

stimulants and anti-depressants (for cataplexy)

28
Q

Treating Sleep Apnea

A

changes in sleep position or CPAP