Sleep Flashcards
Stage 1
theta waves
Stage 2
has sleep spindles and k-complexes
Awake/Alert
beta waves
Relaxed/Drowsy
alpha waves
Stage 3
Sleep Spindles and K-Complexes
- delta waves
Stage 4
delta waves
REM Sleep
rapid eye movement
- when most dreaming occurs
- loss of muscle tone (REM atone) which limits the ability to move
- suspension of homeostasis = increased variability in thermoregulation, respiration, circulation, and other functions
Circadian Rhythms
cycles of metabolic and behavioural processes which correspond to the rotation of the earth
- wakefulness is maintained by the brainstem and hypothalamus, and inhibition by a different part of the hypothalamus produces sleep
Nocturnal
awake at night, asleep during the day
- BATS, OWLS, RACOONS
Diurnal
awake during the day, asleep at night
- HUMANS
Crepuscular
awake at twilight (dawn and dusk), asleep at night and during the day
- CATS, RABBITS, FOXES
Cathemeral
irregular, frequent, or seasonally based cycles
- LIONS, LEMURS, COYOTES
Sleep Homeostasis
if you prevent them from sleeping, they will sleep longer to “make-up” the lost sleep
Unihemispheric Sleep
the ability to sleep one cortical hemisphere at a time, to facilitate breathing and avoid predation
ie; dolphins and birds
Parasomnia
abnormalities in their experiences of sleep, which may or may not be of medical concern
Nightmare Disorder
repeated nightmares which impede quality sleep via awakenings and an inability to fall back asleep -> daytime sleepiness and impaired cognition
Night Terrors
intense expressions of terror and physiological arousal during sleep
Somnambulism (Sleepwalking)
getting out of bed and walking around while you sleep
Dyssomnia
disturbances in falling asleep, remaining asleep, or of excess sleepiness
Hypersomnia
excessive sleep
Non-24 Hour Sleep-Wake
when one’s circadian rhythm does not equal 24 hours
- very rare in sighted people but more common in vision impaired individuals
Irregular sleep-wake rhythm
no discernible pattern to sleep and wakefulness
- typically only seen in people with serous brain injuries or neurodegeneration
Sleep Apnea
disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep
- frequent waking, low-quality sleep, daytime sleepiness, headaches, low concentration, irritability
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
when the thought relaxes and blocks the airway
Central Sleep Apnea
when the brain ceases to communicate with the muscles that control breathing
Melatonin
hormone secreted at night by th spinal gland, which helps tp regulate sleep-wake cycles and produces sleepiness
Insomnia Treatment
hypnotics ie; barbiturates and benzos
Sedatives ie; opiates, anesthetics, anti-depressants, anti-histamines
Treating Narcolepsy
stimulants and anti-depressants (for cataplexy)
Treating Sleep Apnea
changes in sleep position or CPAP
