Personality

Question 1

Narrative Spectrum

Answer 1

different people can be characterized by their tendency towards narrative perception
- the tendency to perceive narrative structures or tropes as operating in real life

Question 2

Conceptualizing Personality

Answer 2

1. Personality as categorical
2. Personality as dimensional

Question 3

Cluster A- Odd-Eccentric

Answer 3

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

Question 4

Cluster B- Dramatic-Erratic

Answer 4

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

Question 5

Cluster C- Anxious-Fearful

Answer 5

avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

Question 6

Personality Disorder Prevalence

Answer 6

~7.8% of the population
- higher prevalence in high-income countries

Question 7

Impaired Role Status

Answer 7

less likely to be employed, married, etc.

Question 8

Cluster A Characteristics

Answer 8

show symptoms similar to schizophrenia, but milder
- - general tendency towards paranoia, social withdrawal, and maladaptive or peculiar thinking

Question 9

Schizoid

Answer 9

most common
- avoidance of relationships and lack of emotional expression
- preference of being alone
- emotionally perceived as flat, cold, humourless, disinterested

Question 10

Schizoid Explanations

Answer 10

psychodynamic- poor relationships early in life
CB- due to deficient hiking and perception difficulty thinking deeply and finding meaning in thinks

Question 11

Schizoid Treatment

Answer 11

CBT and psychotherapy

Question 12

Cluster B Characteristics

Answer 12

dramatic, emotional, and chaotic behaviour which disrupts their relationships with others

Question 13

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 13

lack of empathy, repeated violation/disregard for the rights of others
- recklessness, lack of commitment, impulsivity, and verbal/physical aggression
- frequently comorbid with substance use and other addictions

Question 14

Antisocial Explanations

Answer 14

psychodynamic- socioeconomic stressors and poor relationships in early life lead to lack of trust in others

CB- modelling, operant condition, conscious attitudes which devalue the needs of others

Biological- impaired executive functioning, smaller amygdala and hippocampus

Question 15

Antisocial Treatment

Answer 15

no reliable treatment

Question 16

Cluster C Characteristics

Answer 16

display anxious and fearful behaviour
- typically leads to behavioural inhibition and a refusal to take on responsibilities

Question 17

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Answer 17

preoccupation with perfection, order, and control which inhibits flexibility, opens, and efficiency
- behavioural inhibited (shallow relationships, reluctance to make decisions, stinginess with money)

Question 18

Obsessive-Compulsive Explanations

Answer 18

psychodynamic- conflict with parental figures early in childhood produces anger which leads to excessive control and inhibition to repress that anger

CB- patients express maladaptive thinking, such as catastrophizing; exaggerate the consequences of any mistakes or errors

Question 19

Obsessive-Compulsive Treatment

Answer 19

psychoanalysis and CBT
- some evidence of effectiveness of SSRI’s

Question 20

Big 5 Personality

Answer 20

1. Neuroticism
2. Conscientiousness
3. Extraversion
4. Agreeableness
5. Openness to Experience

Question 21

The Dark Triad

Answer 21

consists of three dimensional scales
1. Narcissism
2. Psychopathy
3. “Machiavellianism”

Question 22

Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD)

Answer 22

five clusters of traits which are especially likely to be problematic:
1. negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism

Question 23

AMPD Steps

Answer 23

1. Identify dysfunction
2. Assess the clients traits on a dimensional scale
3. If rating matches specific diagnosis, they receive that diagnosis, if not, they receive the “Personality Disorder-Trait specified” diagnosis
4. Apply inclusion/exclusion criteria