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PSYCH 239 > Anxiety, OCD, and Related Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety, OCD, and Related Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Fear

A

the central nervous systems physiological and emotional response to a serious threat to one’s well being

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2
Q

Anxiety

A

the central nervous systems physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger

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3
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A

experience general and persistent feelings of worry and anxiety
- free-floating anxiety
- women diagnosed with this disorder outnumber men, 2:1

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4
Q

GAD: Sociocultural Perspective

A

most likely to develop in people that face ongoing dangerous societal conditions
- strongest force is poverty
- can also be caused by widespread contagious diseases

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5
Q

GAD: Psychodynamic Perspective

A

anxiety due to inadequate ego defence mechanisms
- overprotecting parents cause weak defence mechanisms when older

treatment
- free association
- therapists interpretations of transference, resistance, and dreams

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6
Q

GAD: Humanistic Perspective

A

GAD happens when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly
- children who fail to receive unconditional positive regard may become self critical and develop harsh standards, called conditions of worth
- treatment is client centred therapy

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7
Q

GAD:Cognitive-Behavioural Perspective

A

development of basic irrational assumptions

metacognitive therapy- suggest people with GAD hold both positive and negative beliefs about worrying

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8
Q

Meta-worries

A

worrying about worrying

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9
Q

Intolerance of Uncertainty Theory

A

individuals cannot tolerate the knowledge that negative events may occur
- biologically based

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10
Q

Avoidance Theory

A

people with GAD have greater bodily arousal and worrying serves to reduce this arousal

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11
Q

Rational-emotive therapy

A

point out the irrational assumptions held by clients, suggest more appropriate assumptions, and assign homework that gives the clients practice at challenging old assumptions and applying new ones

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12
Q

Break Down Worrying

A
  • educate the clients about the role of worrying in their disorder
  • clients observe their bodily arousal
  • clients are to appreciate the triggers of their worrying
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13
Q

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

A

mindfulness based cognitive -behavioural therapy

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14
Q

GAD: Biological Perspective

A

says anxiety is biological; family having it increases probability of you developing it

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15
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

provides relief from anxiety
- certain neurons have receptors that receive the benzos

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16
Q

Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

A

a neurotransmitter whose low activity in the brains fear circuit has been linked to anxiety

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17
Q

Fear Circuit

A

prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, ínsula, and amygdala, a small almond-shaped brain structure that usually starts the emotional ball rolling
- hyperactive in those with GAD

18
Q

Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs

A

drugs that calm people in low doses and helps them fall asleep in higher doses

19
Q

Antidepressants

A

drugs that are usually used to lift the moods of depressed persons
- increase activity of serotonin and norepinephrine

20
Q

Antipsychotics

A

commonly given to people with schizophrenia and other forms of psychosis, are also helpful to some individuals with more severe and treatment-resistant generalized anxiety disorder

21
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of travelling to public places

22
Q

Classic Conditioning

A

a process of learning by temporal association in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become fused in a persons mind and produce the same response

23
Q

Modelling

A

a process of learning through imitation of other actions

24
Q

Preparedness

A

a predisposition to develop certain fears

25
Q

Systematic Desensitization

A

exposure treatment that uses relaxation training and a fear hierarchy to help clients with phobias react calmly to the objects or situations they dread

26
Q

Flooding

A

client exposed repeatedly and intensively to feared objects and made to see that it is actually harmless

27
Q

Social Anxiety

A

afraid of social or performance situations in which they might become embarrassed
- causes by maladaptive assumptions
- treated by medication ie; benzos and antidepressants
- also treated by cog-behav therapy

28
Q

Social Skills Training

A

a therapy approach that helps people learn or improve social skills and assertiveness through role-playing and rehearsing of desirable behaviours
- model, role-play, rehearse, feedback, and reinforce

29
Q

Panic Disorder

A

recurrent attacks of terror; common in those with anxiety

30
Q

Panic Attacks

A

periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peal within minutes, and gradually pass
- anti-depressants help

31
Q

Biological Challenge Tests

A

a procedure used to produce panic in participants or clients by having them exercise vigorously or perform some other potentially panic-inducing task in the presence of a researcher or therapist

32
Q

OCD

A

individuals feel overrun by recurrent thoughts that cause anxiety or by the need to perform certain repetitive actions to reduce anxiety
- characterized by obsessions and compulsions

33
Q

Obsessions

A

a persistent thought, idea, impulse, or image that is experienced repeatedly, and causes anxiety

34
Q

Compulsions

A

a repetitive and rigid behaviour or mental act that a person feels driven to perform in order to prevent or reduce anxiety

35
Q

OCD: Biological

A

cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit is hyper active in those with OCD
- hyperactive thalamus which leads to increased anxiety and attention towards this sensation

36
Q

Trichotillomania

A

hair pulling disorder

37
Q

Excoriation Disorder

A

skin-picking disorder

38
Q

OCD Treatment

A
  • antidepressants particularly SSRI’s to increase serotonin
  • expose and response prevention; expose them to situations which activate their obsessions starting with the least anxiety provoking to the most and then prevent them from acting upon the compulsion
39
Q

Cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit

A

network connecting the cortex, striatum, and the thalamus
- has a direct (positive feedback loop) and indirect (regulatory loop)
- OCD is when these pathways are imbalanced

40
Q

Illness Anxiety

A

persistent anxiety about ones health
- treatment can include anti-depressants, exposure therapy, and response prevention

PSYCH 239 (7 decks)

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