Sleep

Question 0

Which area of the brain produces sleep?

Answer 0

Bulbar Synchronizing Region (BSR)

Question 1

Which area of the brain controls alertness and wakefulness?

Answer 1

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

Question 2

Which area of the brain is the major sleep center that controls waking and sleeping?

Answer 2

Hypothalamus

Question 3

Which group of hormones are released to promote wakefulness?

Answer 3

Catecholamines (released from the RAS)

Question 4

Which hormone is released by the brain to produce sleep?

Answer 4

Serotonin (from the BSR)

Question 5

What happens to a person’s vitals and muscle tone during NREM sleep?

Answer 5

They decrease; average P 60, R 12

Question 6

Define NREM Stage I.

Answer 6

Lightest level of sleep; easily aroused, may feel as if person was daydreaming when awakened

Question 7

Define NREM Stage II.

Answer 7

Period of sound sleep; arousal remains easy

Question 8

Define NREM Stage III.

Answer 8

Initial stage of deep sleep; sleeper is difficult to arouse; vital signs decline but remain regular

Question 9

Define NREM Stage IV.

Answer 9

Deepest stage of sleep; vital signs are considerably lower than during wakefulness; sleep walking and enuresis occur during this stage

Question 10

Define REM sleep.

Answer 10

Rapid Eye Movement; characterized by vivid, full-color dreaming; difficult to arouse sleeper; fluctuating or increased vitals, muscle tone and gastric secretions

Question 11

What are the stages of the sleep cycle?

Answer 11

NREM 1, NREM 2, NREM 3, NREM 4, REM, NREM 4, NREM 3, NREM 2, NREM 3…..

Question 12

Which stage(s) of sleep do dreams occur in?

Answer 12

Both REM and NREM, however they are more vivid in the REM stage

Question 13

Define RLS.

Answer 13

Restless leg syndrome; causes an itching sensation deep in the muscles, which is only relieved by moving the legs

Question 14

What type of interventions might be helpful in a patient with peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 14

Milk, tums, HOB >30 degrees

Question 15

Define insomnia.

Answer 15

Inability to fall asleep

Question 16

Define parasomnia.

Answer 16

Undesirable behaviors that occur during sleep

Question 17

Define sleep hygiene.

Answer 17

Practice that one associates with sleep

Question 18

Define hypersomnia.

Answer 18

Inadequacy in quantity or quality of sleep

Question 19

What are the two major risk factors for OSA?

Answer 19

Obesity and hypertension

Question 20

If a patient has had a previous MI, he/she is also at risk for another MI during which sleep stage?

Answer 20

REM

Question 21

If a pt has a history of epilepsy, the patient is more at risk for what?

Answer 21

70% more at risk for seizures during sleep

Question 22

What is the most common complaint of a patient with OSA?

Answer 22

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)

Question 23

Define OSA.

Answer 23

Obstructive sleep apnea; causes apnea for periods of 10 seconds to 2 minutes during sleep

Question 24

Define CSA.

Answer 24

Central sleep apnea; dysfunction in the respiratory control center of the brain, in which the impulse to breathe temporarily fails

Question 25

Define narcolepsy.

Answer 25

Dysfunctions of mechanisms that regulate sleep and wake states

Question 26

What symptom(s) are present with hypothyroidism?

Answer 26

Night sweats, heart palpitations

Question 27

What symptom(s) are present with hyperthyroidism?

Answer 27

Inability to fall asleep

Question 28

What effects do liver failure and encephalitis have on a person’s sleep pattern?

Answer 28

More sleepy during the day, more awake during the night

Question 30

How many hours per day does an infant usually require?

Answer 30

15 hours per day (8-10 hours during the night)

Question 31

How many hours of sleep per night does a toddler usually require?

Answer 31

12 hours per night

Question 32

What type of foods can be encouraged near bedtime to promote sleep?

Answer 32

Foods with the protein L-tryptophan (milk, cheese, meats)

Question 33

Who can report whether sleep was sufficient or restful?

Answer 33

Only the patient

Question 34

When should you refer a patient to the sleep clinic?

Answer 34

After the patient has been having sleep problems for at least 6 mo

Question 49

How many hours per sleep does a neonate usually require (0-3 mo)?

Answer 49

16 hours per day