Nutrition Flashcards
Define resting energy expenditure (REE).
Resting metabolic rate; the amount of energy that an individual needs to consume over a 24 hour period for the body to maintain all of its internal working activities while at rest
Define basal metabolic rate.
The energy needed to maintain life sustaining activities for a specific period of time at rest
Which nutrient is your main source of energy?
Carbohydrates
How many kcal per gram of carbohydrate?
4 kcal/gram
Which nutrient is necessary to maintain nitrogen balance?
Protein
How many kcal per gram of protein?
4 kcal/gram
What are the different classifications of fats?
Saturated, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated
How many kcal per gram of fat?
9 kcal/gram
What purpose do vitamins serve?
They are essential for metabolism
What purpose do minerals serve?
They act as catalysts in enzymatic reactions
Which organ is the primary site of absorption?
Intestines
What is food called as it moves through the GI system?
Chyme
Define DRIs.
Acceptable ranges of quantities of vitamins and minerals for each gender and age group
Define ovolactovegetarian.
Vegetarian that avoids meat, fish, poultry, but eats eggs and milk
Define lactovegetarian.
Vegetarian that drinks milk but avoids eggs
Define vegan.
Consumes only plant foods
Define fruitarian.
Consumes fruit, nuts, honey and olive oil
What degree should you have the HOB elevated to for a patient with continuous feeding?
30-45 degrees
How often should you check tube placement?
Every 4-6 hours
How often should you check gastric residual volume?
Every 4 hours
What is the leading cause of mortality in the US?
Cardiovascular disease
Which standardized tests can be used to evaluate a patient’s nutritional status?
Subjective global assessment (SGA; used in the outpatient setting) and Mini-nutritional assessment (MNA; used in home care, nursing homes and hospitals)
What is the usual gastric pH of a patient who has fasted for at least 4 hours?
1-4
What is the usual pH of fluid from a nasointestinal tube of a fasting patient?
Greater than or equal to 6
