Fluid/Electrolyte/Acid-Base Balance

Question 0

Normal Values: Potassium (K)

Answer 0

3.5-5 mEq/L

Question 1

Normal Values: Glucose

Answer 1

70-110 mg/dL (fasting); >200 mg/dL (random)

Question 2

Normal Values: Magnesium (Mg)

Answer 2

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

Question 3

Normal Values: Sodium (Na)

Answer 3

135-145 mEq/L

Question 4

Normal Values: Calcium (Ca)

Answer 4

9.0-10.5 mg/dL

Question 5

Normal Values: Chloride (Cl)

Answer 5

98-106 mEq/L

Question 6

Normal Values: Phosphorus (Pi)

Answer 6

3.0-4.5 mg/dL

Question 7

What is the normal infusion rate for potassium?

Answer 7

5-10 mEq/hr; maximum 20 mEq/hr

Question 8

Normal Values: Serum Osmolarity

Answer 8

280-300 mOsm/L

Question 9

Normal Values: Creatinine (Cr)

Answer 9

0.5-1.1 mg/dL (females); 0.6-1.2 mg/dL (males)

Question 10

Define ICF.

Answer 10

Intracellular fluid: fluid within cells

Question 11

Define ECF.

Answer 11

Extracellular fluid: fluid outside cells, made up of intravascular fluid (liquid portion of blood), interstitial fluid (fluid between cells and outside of blood vessels) and transcellular fluid (fluid of the CNS)

Question 12

Which electrolytes have higher concentrations in ICF?

Answer 12

K+, Mg+, Pi

Question 13

Which electrolytes have higher concentrations in ECF?

Answer 13

Na+, Cl-, HCO3-

Question 14

Define osmotic pressure.

Answer 14

Regulates movement of water and electrolytes from one compartment to another; inward-pulling force caused by particles in the fluid

Question 15

Define hydrostatic pressure.

Answer 15

Regulates movement of water from one compartment to another; outward-pressing force against a surface

Question 16

Define active transport.

Answer 16

Movement of ions against osmotic pressure (ex: sodium potassium pump); requires ATP

Question 17

Define diffusion.

Answer 17

Movement of electrolytes or other particles from an area of higher to lower concentration

Question 18

Define osmosis.

Answer 18

Movement of water from an area of higher to lower concentration

Question 19

Which organ produces angiotensinogen?

Answer 19

Liver

Question 20

Which organ releases aldosterone? What does aldosterone do?

Answer 20

Adrenal cortex; causes reabsorption of sodium and water

Question 21

Normal Values: Fluid Intake

Answer 21

2200-2700 mL/day (total); 1100-1400 mL/day (liquids)

Question 22

What is the best indicator of fluid loss or gain?

Answer 22

Weight; only 0.5 lb/day can be attributed to metabolism; 1 lb = 500 mL (1 kg = about 1 L)

Question 23

Define sensible loss.

Answer 23

Fluid loss that can be seen, felt and measured (ex: urine, sweat)

Question 24

Define insensible loss.

Answer 24

Fluid loss that you cannot see (ex: through skin, lungs, stool)

Question 25

Which organ excretes carbonic acid? In which form?

Answer 25

Lungs; in the form of CO2 + H2O

Question 26

Which organ excretes metabolic acids?

Answer 26

Kidneys

Question 27

Normal Values: CO2

Answer 27

22-30 mEq/L

Question 28

Normal Values: HCO3-

Answer 28

22-26 mEq/L (arterial); 24-30 mEq/L (venous)

Question 29

Normal Values: pH

Answer 29

7.35-7.45

Question 30

Normal Values: PaCO2

Answer 30

35-45 mm Hg

Question 31

Normal Values: PaO2

Answer 31

80-100 mm Hg

Question 32

Normal Values: O2 sat

Answer 32

95%-100%

Question 33

Normal Values: Urine Output

Answer 33

1200-1500 mL/day

Question 34

Which organ releases ADH? What does ADH do?

Answer 34

Posterior pituitary; causes renal cells to reabsorb water

Question 35

Which organ releases ANP? What does ANP do?

Answer 35

The heart; inhibits ADH by increasing sodium and water loss in urine

Question 36

Which IV solutions are isotonic?

Answer 36

D5W, NS (0.9% NaCl), LR