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Amy's Nursing 50B > Hematology/Inflammation/Immune > Flashcards

Hematology/Inflammation/Immune Flashcards

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0
Q

Which organ stores clotting factors?

A

Liver

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1
Q

Which organ stores platelets?

A

Spleen

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2
Q

Which organ produce erythropoietin?

A

Kidneys

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3
Q

What does epotin do?

A

Stimulates production of RBCs

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4
Q

Define pancytopenia.

A

Entire CBC is low

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5
Q

What symptoms are typical of pancytopenia?

A

Anemia, bleeding, chills

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6
Q

Define hemophilia.

A

Clotting factor deficiency

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7
Q

Define nutritional anemia.

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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8
Q

Define megaloblastic anemia.

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

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9
Q

Define aplastic anemia.

A

Bone marrow dysfunction in which bone marrow produce to many immature RBCs and not enough mature RBCs

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10
Q

What is the physiological action of heparin?

A

Prevents fibrin from adding to an existing clot

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11
Q

What symptoms may present in anemia?

A

Hypoxia, pallor, alopecia, dizziness, tachycardia, possible kidney damage, splenic enlargement

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12
Q

How do you treat chronic anemia?

A

With epotin

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13
Q

MDS

A

myelodysplastic syndrome; preleukemia characterized as ineffective production of myeloid class of blood cells; can cause patients to develop severe anemias

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14
Q

What are autologous PRBCs?

A

Self donated RBCs

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15
Q

What is a nonhemolytic transfusion reaction? How is it treated?

A

Patient is febrile, but shows no other signs of reaction; treat with tylenol

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16
Q

What does it mean when you hear lung crackles during a transfusion? How is it treated?

A

Heart may be backing up; Stop transfusion temporarily, start back up at a slower rate, possible order for lasix

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17
Q

What do you do if a patient receiving a transfusion is febrile, tachycardic, and has back pain?

A

Stop the transfusion, inform the MD, and send blood back to the lab for analysis

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18
Q

What time frame is considered as a delayed transfusion reaction?

A

5-10 days after

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19
Q

What is the time frame for acute transplant rejection?

A

1-3 weeks

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20
Q

What is the time frame for hyperacute transplant rejection?

A

Hours to days

21
Q

What is the time frame for chronic transplant rejection?

A

Months to years

22
Q

What precautions are used for transplant patients?

A

2 minute handwashing, negative pressure room

23
Q

What types of rescue therapies are used for transplant patients?

A

Plasmaphoresis (filters out antibodies from plasma, then replaces back into body) and IVIG (IV immune globulins)

24
Q

What are the local effects of heat?

A

vasodilation, increased blood flow, decreased viscosity, increased capillary permeability

25
Q

What are the localized effects of cold?

A

decreased swelling, decreased pain

26
Q

At what age does the immune system peak?

A

20-30 years

27
Q

What types of medications are used to treat inflammation?

A

Antihistamines, antiinflammatories, immune suppressive agents (cytotoxics, steroids)

28
Q

What effect do steroids and cytotoxics have on the immune system?

A

Immune suppression

29
Q

Normal values: RBC

A

Females: 4.2-5.4 million/microliter
Males: 4.7-6.1 million/microliter

30
Q

Normal values: Hgb

A

Females: 12-16 g/dL
Males: 14-18 g/dL

31
Q

Normal values: Hct

A

Females: 37%-47%
Males: 42%-52%

32
Q

Normal values: WBC

A

5000-10000/mm3

33
Q

Normal values: retic

A

0.5%-2% of RBCs

34
Q

Normal values: PLT

A

150000-400000/mm3

35
Q

Normal values: Segs

A

62% of WBCs

36
Q

Normal values: bands

A

5% of WBCs

37
Q

Normal values: Monos

A

3% of WBCs

38
Q

Normal values: lymphs

A

28% of WBCs

39
Q

Normal values: Eosins

A

1.5% of WBCs

40
Q

Normal values: basos

A

0.5% of WBCs

41
Q

What role do macrophages play in the immune system?

A

Phagocytosis

42
Q

What type of leukocytes is first on site in regards to infection?

A

Neutrophils

43
Q

What does an elevated eosinophil value suggest?

A

Allergic response, asthma, parasitic infection

44
Q

What is the concern with too much inflammation?

A

Tissue damage

45
Q

What are the stages of inflammation?

A

stage I: vascular change in blood vessels, constriction, hyperemia & edema
stage II: cellular exudate, neutrophilia, pus
stage III: tissue repair and replacement, wbcs trigger new blood vessel, growth & scar tissue formation

46
Q

Define agglutination.

A

Antibody-antigen complex

47
Q

Define immune globulins.

A

antibodies

48
Q

What is the time frame for hyperacute transplant rejection?

A

Hours to days

49
Q

Define thrombocytopenia.

A

Platelet deficiency

Amy's Nursing 50B (11 decks)

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