Hematology/Inflammation/Immune

Question 0

Which organ stores clotting factors?

Answer 0

Liver

Question 1

Which organ stores platelets?

Answer 1

Spleen

Question 2

Which organ produce erythropoietin?

Answer 2

Kidneys

Question 3

What does epotin do?

Answer 3

Stimulates production of RBCs

Question 4

Define pancytopenia.

Answer 4

Entire CBC is low

Question 5

What symptoms are typical of pancytopenia?

Answer 5

Anemia, bleeding, chills

Question 6

Define hemophilia.

Answer 6

Clotting factor deficiency

Question 7

Define nutritional anemia.

Answer 7

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 8

Define megaloblastic anemia.

Answer 8

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

Question 9

Define aplastic anemia.

Answer 9

Bone marrow dysfunction in which bone marrow produce to many immature RBCs and not enough mature RBCs

Question 10

What is the physiological action of heparin?

Answer 10

Prevents fibrin from adding to an existing clot

Question 11

What symptoms may present in anemia?

Answer 11

Hypoxia, pallor, alopecia, dizziness, tachycardia, possible kidney damage, splenic enlargement

Question 12

How do you treat chronic anemia?

Answer 12

With epotin

Question 13

MDS

Answer 13

myelodysplastic syndrome; preleukemia characterized as ineffective production of myeloid class of blood cells; can cause patients to develop severe anemias

Question 14

What are autologous PRBCs?

Answer 14

Self donated RBCs

Question 15

What is a nonhemolytic transfusion reaction? How is it treated?

Answer 15

Patient is febrile, but shows no other signs of reaction; treat with tylenol

Question 16

What does it mean when you hear lung crackles during a transfusion? How is it treated?

Answer 16

Heart may be backing up; Stop transfusion temporarily, start back up at a slower rate, possible order for lasix

Question 17

What do you do if a patient receiving a transfusion is febrile, tachycardic, and has back pain?

Answer 17

Stop the transfusion, inform the MD, and send blood back to the lab for analysis

Question 18

What time frame is considered as a delayed transfusion reaction?

Answer 18

5-10 days after

Question 19

What is the time frame for acute transplant rejection?

Answer 19

1-3 weeks

Question 20

What is the time frame for hyperacute transplant rejection?

Answer 20

Hours to days

Question 21

What is the time frame for chronic transplant rejection?

Answer 21

Months to years

Question 22

What precautions are used for transplant patients?

Answer 22

2 minute handwashing, negative pressure room

Question 23

What types of rescue therapies are used for transplant patients?

Answer 23

Plasmaphoresis (filters out antibodies from plasma, then replaces back into body) and IVIG (IV immune globulins)

Question 24

What are the local effects of heat?

Answer 24

vasodilation, increased blood flow, decreased viscosity, increased capillary permeability

Question 25

What are the localized effects of cold?

Answer 25

decreased swelling, decreased pain

Question 26

At what age does the immune system peak?

Answer 26

20-30 years

Question 27

What types of medications are used to treat inflammation?

Answer 27

Antihistamines, antiinflammatories, immune suppressive agents (cytotoxics, steroids)

Question 28

What effect do steroids and cytotoxics have on the immune system?

Answer 28

Immune suppression

Question 29

Normal values: RBC

Answer 29

Females: 4.2-5.4 million/microliter Males: 4.7-6.1 million/microliter

Question 30

Normal values: Hgb

Answer 30

Females: 12-16 g/dL Males: 14-18 g/dL

Question 31

Normal values: Hct

Answer 31

Females: 37%-47% Males: 42%-52%

Question 32

Normal values: WBC

Answer 32

5000-10000/mm3

Question 33

Normal values: retic

Answer 33

0.5%-2% of RBCs

Question 34

Normal values: PLT

Answer 34

150000-400000/mm3

Question 35

Normal values: Segs

Answer 35

62% of WBCs

Question 36

Normal values: bands

Answer 36

5% of WBCs

Question 37

Normal values: Monos

Answer 37

3% of WBCs

Question 38

Normal values: lymphs

Answer 38

28% of WBCs

Question 39

Normal values: Eosins

Answer 39

1.5% of WBCs

Question 40

Normal values: basos

Answer 40

0.5% of WBCs

Question 41

What role do macrophages play in the immune system?

Answer 41

Phagocytosis

Question 42

What type of leukocytes is first on site in regards to infection?

Answer 42

Neutrophils

Question 43

What does an elevated eosinophil value suggest?

Answer 43

Allergic response, asthma, parasitic infection

Question 44

What is the concern with too much inflammation?

Answer 44

Tissue damage

Question 45

What are the stages of inflammation?

Answer 45

stage I: vascular change in blood vessels, constriction, hyperemia & edema stage II: cellular exudate, neutrophilia, pus stage III: tissue repair and replacement, wbcs trigger new blood vessel, growth & scar tissue formation

Question 46

Define agglutination.

Answer 46

Antibody-antigen complex

Question 47

Define immune globulins.

Answer 47

antibodies

Question 48

What is the time frame for hyperacute transplant rejection?

Answer 48

Hours to days

Question 49

Define thrombocytopenia.

Answer 49

Platelet deficiency