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biological bases of behaviour > sleep > Flashcards

sleep Flashcards

1
Q

Recuperation Theory

A

Physiological Restoration:
- Cellular Repair and Growth
- Energy Conservation
Neural and Cognitive Functions:
- Memory Consolidation
- Brain Detoxification

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2
Q

Physiological Restoration: Recuperation Theory

A

Cellular Repair and Growth
Energy Conservation

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3
Q

Neural and Cognitive Functions: Recuperation Theory

A

Memory Consolidation
Brain Detoxification

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4
Q

Adaptation Theory

A

Predation Avoidance:
- Nocturnal Sleep for Predator Avoidance
Energy Conservation:
- Efficient Resource Allocation

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5
Q

Critical Evaluation of Recuperation Theory

A

Emphasizes physiological restoration and cognitive functions.
Aligns with evidence on cellular repair and memory consolidation.

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6
Q

Critical Evaluation of Adaptation Theory

A

Highlights evolutionary advantages.
Emphasizes adaptive functions like predation avoidance and energy conservation.

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7
Q

how many stages is sleep

A

4

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8
Q

What are the distinct stages of sleep identified by?

A

Distinct EEG and EMG patterns

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9
Q

How does REM sleep differ from other stages?

A

differs in EMG characteristics

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10
Q

stages of sleep

A

stage 1: high frequency EEG
stage 2: EEG frequency decreases
stage 3: further decrease of EEG frequency
stage 4: delta waves predominate

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11
Q

Memory consolidation

A

stabilizing and strengthening newly acquired information, making it more resistant to forgetting/ During consolidation, synaptic connections are reinforced, and neural pathways are solidified, enhancing the retention of memories.

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12
Q

Implications for Research

A

Need for a comprehensive understanding
Ongoing quest for understanding sleep’s ultimate purpose
Research frontiers in neuroscience and evolutionary biology

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13
Q

stage 1 of sleep

A

similar to wakefulness/ lasts around 10 mins

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14
Q

What happens during stage 2 of sleep?

A

EEG frequency decreases, slower waves, lasts around 20 minutes, sleep spindles, and K-complexes

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15
Q

What did research show about the relationship between sleep spindles and performance on a learning task?

A

more sleep spindles, better performance

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16
Q

What are sleep spindles?

A

Short bursts of brain activity during stage 2 sleep

17
Q

What are the characteristics of Stage 3 of sleep?

A

Delta waves, normal muscle tone

18
Q

What is another name for Stages 3 & 4 of sleep?

A

Slow wave sleep

19
Q

What are the characteristics of Stage 4 of sleep?

A

Delta waves, normal muscle tone, 30 minutes

20
Q

How long does each cycle of stages last?

A

around 90 minutes

21
Q

How many cycles of stages occur per night?

A

Around five cycles

22
Q

What are ultradian rhythms?

A

Repeated cycles/rhythms

23
Q

what does REM stand for?

A

Rapid eye movement

24
Q

Where do 80% of all dreams occur?

A

REM sleep

25
Q

What is the loss of normal muscle tone during REM sleep called?

A

Muscle atonia

26
Q

When was REM sleep discovered?

A

1950’s Paradoxical sleep: EEG signature of wakefulness (high-frequency waves) Accompanied by rapid eye movements & dreaming (Aserinsky & Kleitman, 1955; Dement & Kleitman, 1957) 24

27
Q

What is the EEG signature of REM sleep?

A

High-frequency waves

28
Q

What accompanies REM sleep?

A

Rapid eye movements & dreaming

29
Q

What is the hypothesis regarding REM sleep and dreaming?

A

Association between REM sleep and dreaming, Association between duration of REM period and perceived duration of dream

30
Q

What was the method used in the study of REM sleep and dreaming- Dement & Kleitman (1957)

A

n = 9 (2 female) spent a night in a sleep laboratory, PSG, Woken at intervals to report on dreaming

31
Q

What were the results of the study by Dement & Kleitman, 1957?

A

Participants had higher rates of dream recall following REM awakenings

32
Q

How were participants’ eye movements related to the visual content of their dreams?

A

Direction of eye movements related to visual content of the dream

biological bases of behaviour (9 decks)

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