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COMAT - Psych > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

What acronym is used to recall the sleep stages and their associated findings?

A

at night BATS Drink Blood

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2
Q

at night BATS Drink Blood

A

Awake = Beta waves
Awake but eyes closed = Alpha waves
Stage 1 = Theta waves
Stage 2 = Sleep spindles and K complexes
Stage 3 = Delta waves
REM = Beta waves

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3
Q

at night BATS Drink Blood

A

Awake = Beta waves
Awake but eyes closed = Alpha waves
Stage 1 = Theta waves
Stage 2 = Sleep spindles and K complexes
Stage 3 = Delta waves
REM = Beta waves

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4
Q

What stage of sleep is the hardest to arouse from?

A

Stage 3 NREM

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5
Q

Besides Beta waves, what will be seen during REM sleep? (3)

A

Erections
Atonia
Rapid eye movements

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6
Q

During what stage of sleep do Nightmares occur?

A

REM

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7
Q

During what stage of sleep do Night Terrors occur?

A

Stage 3 NREM

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8
Q

Describe Night Terrors in order to differentiate from Nightmares

A

Patient is active/moving and seems awake but is NOT and will not usually remember the event

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9
Q

How do you know Night Terrors occur during Stage 3 NREM?

A

Patient is moving and seems awake
– During REM = ATONIA (nightmares)

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10
Q

Treatment for Night Terrors?

A

Will often be outgrown

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11
Q

What is the cause of Obstructive Sleep Apnea?

A

Excess tissue in the airway/obstruction, obesity
–> this will cause frequent awakenings during the night which means they are not making it to REM

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12
Q

What are the signs of Obstructive Sleep Apnea?

A

Snoring
Daytime somnolence
Depression/HTN/Cor Pulmonale

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13
Q

What is the treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea?

A

CPAP and lose weight

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14
Q

What are some causes of Central Sleep Apnea?

A

Opiates
COPD
Idiopathic

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15
Q

What occurs with Central Sleep Apnea?

A

Patient “forgets” to breathe while sleeping which results in low oxygen saturation

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16
Q

What may a patient with Central Sleep Apnea wake up with?

A

Headaches and mood changes

17
Q

What is the treatment for Central Sleep Apnea?

A

BiPAP

18
Q

How are the sleep disorders usually diagnosed?

A

Polysomnography (sleep study)

19
Q

Insomnia is trouble falling or staying asleep. How often must it occur to be diagnosed?

A

More than 3x/week for > 1 month

20
Q

What is the best initial treatment for Insomnia?

A

Sleep hygiene

21
Q

If a patient still has Insomnia after changing their sleep hygiene, what are 4 drugs that can be used?

A

Diphenhydramine
Trazodone
Quetiapine
Zolpidem

22
Q

If a patient still has Insomnia after changing their sleep hygiene, what are 4 drugs that can be used?

A

Diphenhydramine
Trazodone
Quetiapine
Zolpidem

23
Q

What often causes an episode of Narcolepsy?

A

Something that startles them or an intense emotion

24
Q

With Narcolepsy, the patient will fall right into what stage of sleep?

A

REM

25
Q

List 4 signs of Narcolepsy?

A

Cataplexy
Sleep paralysis
HynaGOgic and Hypnopompic hallucinations

26
Q

List 4 signs of Narcolepsy?

A

Cataplexy
Sleep paralysis
HynaGOgic and Hypnopompic hallucinations

27
Q

What is Cataplexy?

A

Sudden loss of muscle tone that leads to collapse
- Seen with Narcolepsy

28
Q

What is Sleep Paralysis?

A

Brief paralysis upon awakening
- Seen with Narcolepsy

29
Q

When do Hypnagogic hallucinations occur?

A

As the patient is falling asleep

30
Q

When do Hypnopompic hallucinations occur?

A

As the patient is awakening

31
Q

How often must the Narcoleptic episodes occur in order to diagnose?

A

> 3x/week for > 3 months

32
Q

What is the best initial treatment for Narcolepsy?

A

Scheduling naps

33
Q

What drug class and specific drug are often used for Narcolepsy?

A

Stimulants
- Modafinil

34
Q

What specific drug class can be used to treat the Cataplexy with Narcolepsy?

A

SSRIs

COMAT - Psych (11 decks)

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