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COMAT - Psych > Pediatric > Flashcards

Pediatric Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Intellectual Disability Disorder?

A

Disorder of cognitive, social and practical functioning

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2
Q

Often, there is no identifiable cause for Intellectual Disability Disorder, but what are some common associations? (3)

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - preventable
Down Syndrome - chromosomal
Fragile X - inherited

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3
Q

With Intellectual Disability Disorder, patients will have deficiencies in 1 or multiple domains?

A

Multiple = IQ and Adaptive functioning

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4
Q

The severity of Intellectual Disability Disorder is no longer based on the low IQ but the?

A

Level of support required for ADLs (activities of daily living)

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5
Q

What is the treatment for Intellectual Disability Disorder?

A

Special education and social skills classes
Education about prevention/prenatal screenings

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6
Q

What characterizes Autism?

A

Impaired social communication + Restricted behavior/interests

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7
Q

What characterizes Autism?

A

Impaired social communication + Restricted behaviors/interests

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8
Q

List examples of impaired social communication with Autism

A

Impaired socialization, empathy, relationships, ability to understand social cues and low eye contact

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9
Q

List examples of restrictive behavior/interests with Autism

A

Fixated interests, inflexibility to change, altered response to sensory input

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10
Q

Hand flapping can be present with Autism, what is another syndrome that can have hand-wringing movements and describe it?

A

Rett Syndrome
= Normal development –> regression + hand-wringing

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11
Q

ADHD has 2 domains of symptoms. What are they?

A

Inattention
Hyperactivity/Impulsivity

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12
Q

List some inattention symptoms with ADHD

A

Poor attention to detail, short attention span, difficulty following and completing tasks

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13
Q

List some hyperactivity symptoms with ADHD

A

Fidgets, interrupts, talks excessively, cannot sit still

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14
Q

At what age must ADHD present before?

A

Usually before 12/13 years old

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15
Q

How long must symptoms of ADHD be present and what is the other major caveat for diagnosis?

A

Symptoms > 6 months
Must be present in > 2 settings - home, school, etc.

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16
Q

How long must symptoms of ADHD be present and what is the other major caveat for diagnosis?

A

Symptoms > 6 months
Must be present in > 2 settings - home, school, etc.

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17
Q

If the child with ADHD is less than 6 years old, what is the best treatment?

A

Behavior therapy

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18
Q

If the child with ADHD is greater than 6 years old, what is the best treatment?

A

Stimulants + behavior therapy

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19
Q

What is the first line drug class for ADHD?

A

Stimulants
ex. Methylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine

20
Q

What are possible side effects that can occur with the Stimulant drug class to treat ADHD?

A

Insomnia, anxiety, headaches, weight loss, slow growth

21
Q

If stimulants do not work for ADHD, what are 3 other medications that can be considered that have a better side effect profile?

A

Atomoxetine
Clonidine
Guanfacine

22
Q

If stimulants do not work for ADHD, what is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that can be used?

A

Atomoxetine

23
Q

If stimulants do not work for ADHD, what are 2 alpha 2 agonists that can be used?

A

Clonidine
Guanfacine

24
Q

What is present with Tourette’s Syndrome?

A

Both, and usually multiple, motor and vocal tics

25
Q

When do symptoms usually arise with Tourette’s Syndrome?

A

< 18 years old

26
Q

How long must symptoms be present in order to diagnose Tourette’s Syndrome?

A

> 1 year

27
Q

How long must symptoms be present in order to diagnose Tourette’s Syndrome?

A

> 1 year

28
Q

What 2 conditions are commonly associated with Tourette’s Syndrome?

A

OCD
ADHD

29
Q

What is the best initial treatment for Tourette’s Syndrome?

A

Behavior therapy - habit reversal

30
Q

If behavior therapy does not work for Tourette’s or it is very disabling, what is the preferred agent to treat?

A

Tetrabenazine = Dopamine depleting VMAT 2 inhibitor

31
Q

MOA and use for Tetrabenazine?

A

VMAT 2 inhibitor = dopamine depleting
- Used for Tourette’s Syndrome

32
Q

If the first line drug does not work for Tourette’s Syndrome, what is the next drug class?

A

Dopamine Antagonists - antipsychotics

33
Q

When is Enuresis normal?

A

< 7 years old and if they have never made it through the night

34
Q

What things should be ruled out with Enuresis?

A

Infection, anatomical defects, meds, abuse

35
Q

If a child had been making it through the night and now they are wetting the bed, what 2 workup items should be done?

A

Urinalysis
US

36
Q

If a child had been making it through the night now they are wetting the bed + regression and they have negative urinalysis/us what should be considered?

A

Abuse or a new stressor

37
Q

What is the treatment for a child that has never made it through the night without wetting the bed and they are above 7 years old?

A

Desmopressin

38
Q

Conduct disorder has the same symptoms as what personality disorder but what is different?

A

Anti-Social personality disorder
= < 18 years old!

39
Q

How long must the symptoms be present with Conduct Disorder?

A

> 1 year

40
Q

What is the difference between Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder?

A

Conduct disorder – hurts peers/animals/etc.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder – teen acting out but not harming anyone

41
Q

How long must the symptoms be present with Oppositional Defiant Disorder?

A

> 6 months

42
Q

What is the best treatment for Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder?

A

Psychotherapy

43
Q

If Psychotherapy fails with Conduct Disorder, what is the next treatment option?

A

Juvenile Detention

44
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder is often due to incongruent parenting. What are the main symptoms?

A

Teen acting out and fighting authority

45
Q

Signs of Conduct Disorder?

A

CRIMINAL
- lacks remorse for hurting others, breaks the law, etc.

COMAT - Psych (11 decks)

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