SLE - Block 1 Flashcards
What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
An autoimmune dx that is associated with the production of autoantibodies
What are the predisposing factors of SLE?
- Genetic influences
- Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: inhibition of DNA methylation (hydralazine, procainamide) -> DI-lupus
- Environmental factors: Medications
- Hormones
What are 2 common drugs that can induce lupus?
Hydralazine and procainamide
Anti-arrhythmic that cause lupus?
- Procainamide
- Quinidine
- Amiodarone
- Mexiletine
Anti-thyroid that induce lupus?
Methimazole
Propylthiouracil
Anti-HTN that indue lupus?
Hydralazine
Methyldopa
Anti-infective that induce lupus?
Doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline, isoniazid, nitrofurantoin
TNFa inhibitors that induse lupus?
- Adalimumab
- certolizumab pegol
- etanercept
- golimumab
- infliximab
Anti-siezure that induce lupus?
Carbamazepine, ethosuximide, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, zonisamide
Anti-psychotics that induce lupus?
Clozapine, chloropromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, thioridazine, thiothixene, trifluoperazine
PPIs that induce lupus?
Dexlansoprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole
How do you diagnose drug-induced lupus?
Symptom onset of at least 1 month after initiation & symptom improvement within days to months after drug discontinuation
What are the characteristics of SLE?
- Dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune system
- Altered activation and signaling of T and B lymphocytes
- Reduces clearance of apoptotic cellular debris -> stimulation of immune system
- Increases risk for infection
- Certain autoantibodies can be present for years prior to the clinical presentation of SLE
What are the complications of having autoantibodies to blood cells? Phospholipids?
Cytopenia; thrombosis and fetal loss
Stimulates B-cell production, along with autoantibodies, in renal cells, which can cause skin & join symptoms associated with SLE?
IL-10
Increased production from T cells, which is associated with disease activity & kidney/tissue damage?
IL-17
Important for T-regulatory cell function & inhibition of IL-17 and decreases concnetration in SLE?
IL-2
Secreted from plasmacytoid dendritic cells?
Type 1 interferon and interferon-γ
Interferon associated with mucocutaneous inflammation?
High concentrations of type 1 interferon
Interferon associated with nephritis and arthitis?
High concentrations of interferon-γ
increase B-cell survival & differentiation?
BLyS
Increases antibody production?
IL-6
What is the most common sign of lupus? Others?
Arthritis
Rash
Fever
Raynaud’s phenomenon
What is the most common sx of lupus? Others?
Fatigue
Joint pain/stiffness
T/F: Presence of ANA means a patient has SLE?
False: used as a screening test, but NOT specific for SLE
Examples of diagnostic tests for lupus?
Serology: autoantibodies, antiphospholipis antibodies, complement
Inflammatory markers: CRP, ESR
What is the 1st sign of systemic dx?
Skin manifestations via cutaneous lupus
What are the types of cutaneous lupus?
- Acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (malar rash or butterfly rash)
- Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
- Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus
- Intermittent cutaneous lupus erythematosus