Drug and Alcohol - Block 3 Flashcards
What is drug abuse?
Use of an illicit drug causing harm to individual/society
What is a pschoactive effects?
Action of drug in the CNS causing alterations in perception, reason for abuse
What is narcotic?
A drg that causes stupor and loss of sensibility or dulling of the senses
- Any illicit and habit forming drug
What is reinforcing effects?
Promotes the compulsive ued of a drug
What is rapidity?
Rate at which a drug reaches its receptors in the CNS and exerts its effects
* Positive reinforcement
What is tolerance?
Decrease in drug’s effect as a consequence of repeated admin -> more drug for same effect
* Downregulation of dopamine rceptors secondary to repeated over and repeated exposue
What is dependence?
The appearance of withdrawal syndrome when chronic admin of drug is halted
What is addiction?
An abusive pattern of drug use characterized by an overwhelming involvement with the use of a drug
Categories of drugs of abus?
Opioids: heroin, morphine, meperidine, fentanyl
Psychomotor stimulants: Cocaine, amphetamines
MJ
Sedative hypnotics: Barbiturates, alcohol, BZD
Hallucinogens: LSD
Inhalants: Mitrous oxide, amyl nitrite, toulene
What are the characteristics of SUD according to DSM V?
- Taking substance in large amounts
- Wanting to cut down or stop but can’t
- Spending a lot of time with substance
- Cravings
- Not managing to do what you should
- Problems in relations or puts patient in danger
- Withdrawal sx
Describe the mechanism of limbic system?
Release dopamine and glutamate in response to stimulus
Describe the reward system of the brain?
- Pleasurable event/stimuli=dopamine release in frontal cortex =euphoria
- The higher a stimuli’s place in the hierarchy, the stronger the compulsion to seek that stimuli
- Reward sytem reinforces survial behaviors
What are the driving forces of SUD?
- Cravings
- Rapidity
- Tolerance
- Withdrawals
What is the cause for cravings?
Overstim of reward circuit from dopamine leads to intense pleasurable high
What are the common formulations of cocaine?
- IV
- Smoking
- Intranasal
- PO
How cn SUD lead to neurotoxicity?
What is the definition of SUD?
Maladaptve pattern of substance use -> clinically significant impairment or distress within a 12 month period
How do we diagnose OUD?
At least two of the following should be observed within a 12-month period:
1. Recurrent opioid use resulting in a failure to fulfill responsibilities
2. Continued use -> social problems
3. Activites are given up
4. Recurrent opioid causes physical harm
5. Continued opioid use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem
What are the clinical presentation of OUD?
- Intoxication
- Withdrawal
- Dependence/Abuse
- Medical cmplications
What are the screening tools for SUD?
- Structured Clinical Interview (SCID)
- Questionnaires for screening drug problems
- Questionnaires for assessing the severity of drug problems
What are the social complications of SUD?
- Loss in interest/motivation
- Criminal activity to support habit
- Transmission of HIV, Hep B and C
What is the objectve of SUD tx? Goal of therapy?
Prevent medical and social ADR
Abstinence and harm prevention
Presentations of cocaine intoxication?
- Paranoid psychosis
- Chest discomfort/angina
- Sz, respiratory depression, acute HF, stroke, death
How do we treat cocaine intoxication?
- Buprenorphine/naltrexone to manage withdrawals
- Topiramate for relapse prevention
- Baclofen (reduce dopamine release)
- Tiagabine
- Disulfirum (makes high less pleasant)
- Modafinil
What are the non toxic physiological responses of amphetamines?
- Loss of appetite
- Euphoria
- Mood elevation
Signs of amphetamine intoxication?
- Sudden outbursts of aggression and violence
- Paranoid delusions
- Severe anorexia
Sx of amphetamine withdrawals?
- Dysphoric
- Fatigue
- Aches and pains
- Ax
- Insomnia
- Increased appetite
- Vivid dreams