Pediatric Nutrition and Hydration - Block 4 Flashcards
Estimated average requirements (EARs)
Nutrient intake that meets the needs of half of the healthy persons in a group
Recommended daily allowances (RDAs)
Nutrient intake that meets the needs of almost all persons in a designated group
Adequate intakes (AIs)
Average intake for the designated group that appears to sustain growth or other indicator of health
Reserved for nutrients for which no EAR or RDA has been determined
Tolerable upper intake levels (ULs)
Maximum nutrient intake unlikely to pose adverse effects in almost all persons in a designated group
Stress factors in children?
Why does formula have problems with constipation?
Breast milk has glycerin (osmotic laxatives)
Fat nutrition in infants?
Fat intake is critical for CNS growth <3YO:
* 30-40% of energy in 1-3YO
* 25-35% of energy in 4-18 YO
Fat-restricted diets (skim milk) should not be imposed until after the age of 2 to 3 years except under medical supervision
Fiber requirements in infants?
19g/day for 1-3YO
24 g/d for 4-8 YO
26-31 g/d for 9-13 YO
What are the fluid requirements for children?
Factors that increase fluid requirements?
- Fever
- Radiant warmenrs
- Diuretics
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- DI
- Hyperventilation
- Sweating
- Increased metabolism
Facotrs that decrease fluid requiremnts?
- FLuid overload
- HF
- Decreased UO
- Kidney failure
- Hypoalbuminemia
- SIADH
Early stages of life is the time to ___?
Embed healthy eating habits
Nutrition for birth to 6 months?
Breastmilk or infant formula:
* Breastmilk if possible but lacks Vit D
* Formula lacks anti-infective properties, growth factors, digestive enzymes, and hormones found in breastmilk
Nutrition for 6 months to 1 year?
Introduction of solid foods at 4-6 months:
* Introduce a variety of food from all the food groups
Continue breastmilk/formula feeding as needed to achieve satiety:
* Watch iron and zinc consumption
When does nutritive sucking ability develops?
34 weeks
Stomach capacity of a newborn?
20-90 mL
Gastric capacity increases from 90 to 180 mL by 1 month of age
- Human milk empties from the stomach at a faster rate than formula