Slaughter Flashcards
measure of the bullet’s diameter relative to the bore of the firearm
caliber
total length of the bolt measured from the muzzle of the captive bolt to the tip or head of the bolt
extraction length
state of an animal’s response specifically to pain
insensibility
total length of the captive bolt measured from the bolt head or tip to the opposite end of the
equipment including all protruding parts
overall length
total weight of the captive bolt assembly excluding the blank cartridge or powerload and hose
overall weight
ratio of the number of animals stunned successfully with single application to the total
number of animals stunned, expressed in percentage
stunning efficacy
animal sound
vocalization
powerload; type of cartridge used in captive bolt that contains gunpowder but without bullet
blank cartridge
metal rod that extrudes from the captive bolt
bolt
round; solid projectile made of metal (usually lead) propelled by a firearm or a gun
bullet
stunner that uses kinetic energy to project bolt into the forehead of the animal to render it
unconscious.
captive bolt
metallic case containing the bullet, gunpowder and the primer
cartridge
process of rendering an animal unconscious
stunning
knocking pen; slaughterhouse equipment used to restrain the animal to facilitate stunning
stunning box
Captive bolt that resembles a pistol or a gun
pistol type
Captive bolt that resembles a cylindrical tube
cylinder type
Type of mechanical stunner that uses blank cartridge explosion to propel the captive bolt into the forehead of the animal
cartridge type
Type of mechanical stunner that uses compressed air supplied by a compressor instead of cartridge explosion to propel the captive bolt into the forehead of the animal
pneumatic type
Type of captive bolt that drives a concaved bolt tip to penetrate the skull of the animal to
severe the brain
penetrating type
Type of captive bolt that drives a mushroom-shaped bolt head against the forehead of the
animal that causes concussion on the cranium and the brain without penetrating the skull
non-penetrating type
number of hogs dehaired per unit time, expressed in heads per hour
dehairing rate
actual time of dehairing a single hog, expressed in seconds
dehairing time
measurement of the highest position of the J-bar during loading from the base of the machine
discharge height
measurement of the bottom of the J-bar’s holding chamber from the base of the dehairing
machine
effective dehairing
height
actual width of the dehairing mechanism measured from both end sides of dehairing paddle parallel to the dehairing shaft
effective dehairing width
removal of the internal organs or entrails of an animal
evisceration
table used before suspending the carcass for particular operation
gambreling table
number of hair present per unit area, expressed in hair per square centimeter
hair density
weight of the hog prior to slaughter
live weight
measurement from the topmost point to the base of the machine
overall height
measurement from both sides of the dehairing machine parallel to the discharge side
including the protruding parts such as the J-bar lever, motor, etc.*
overall length
measurement of the receiving side of the J-bar to the discharge side in its normal position
overall width
measurement of the maximum height of the J-bar, in receiving position, from the base of the
machine
receiving height
body of any slaughtered animal after bleeding and dressing
carcass
removal of hair from the skin of an animal after scalding as part of the process of preparing its
meat for food
dehairing
maximum weight of hog a machine is capable of dehairing per loading, expressed in kilograms
dehairing capability
ratio of amount of hair removed and the total amount of hair, expressed in percent
dehairing efficiency
dehairer; mechanical assembly equipped with rotating flexible paddles used in removing hair
from animal carcass after scalding
dehairing machine
high-grade solid steel shaft where scraper paddles are rigidly fastened
dehairing shaft
star wheels; circular bar with radial arms where scraper paddles are attached
dehairing wheel
ribbed mechanism that resembles a “J”- shaped structure that serves as support of the
carcass during dehairing and also used in unloading dehaired hog
J bar
structure that serves as support of the carcass during dehairing and also used in unloading
dehaired hog
J-bar
subjecting animal into steam or hot water to prepare skin for dehairing
scalding
slightly bent steel material attach to the scraper paddle that is used to directly remove the
hair
scraper blade
resilient flexible rectangular block-shaped rubber which serves as a base material for the
scraper blade
scraper paddle
composed of three (3) or more paddles with blades attached altogether
scraper paddle
assembly
distance between two blades in the blade assembly
blade clearance
average time consumed to totally dehide the animal
dehiding time
part of the handheld flayer that contains the air motor which actuates the movement of the
blades by allowing air flow supplied by an air compressor
air motor assembly
part of the handheld flayer that is composed mainly by two blades that move in
countermotion
blade assembly
slaughterhouse equipment used to remove the skin from the body of the animal
dehider
skin separated from the animal’s body
hide
part of the roller drum in vertical puller to which the hide is hooked prior to pulling
hide clamp
part of the vertical puller which rolls and pulls the hide to separate it from the carcass
roller drum
Type of dehider that is equipped with cutting blades attached to the air motor assembly aided
by an air compressor
handheld flayer
Type of dehider that makes use of roller drum and/or cylinders to pull the hide of the animal
away from the body
hide puller
Type of hide puller that uses roller drum, which is connected to an electric motor, to pull the
hide away from the animal’s body
vertical puller
Type of hide puller that makes use of actuating cylinders, either pneumatic or hydraulic, to
facilitate the pulling of hide away from the animal’s body
side puller
blood spots or clots formed on the muscle tissue
blood splash
ratio of the total number of hogs stunned successfully to the total number of hogs expressed in percent (%)
stunning effectivity
ratio of the total number of hogs that did not die immediately after stunning to the total
number of hogs stunned expressed in percent (%)
stunning performance
type of hog restrainer that uses conveyor system for moving, restraining, stunning and
dumping the animal to the sticking and bleeding area
conveyor restrainer
charging of the electric prods prior to application of stunner
hot wanding
a series of small ridges or grooves on the surface or edge of the prods to improve contact
during application of the electric stunner
knurling
tip of the electric stunner to which the revolving spur is attached
prod
slaughterhouse equipment used to secure and restrict the body movements of the animal in
upright position prior to stunning
restrainer
spiked wheel attached to the head-only type electric stunner used to improve contact with
the head of the animal to be stunned
revolving spurs
device that is used to make an animal unconscious prior to sticking and bleeding
stunner
Type of electric stunner that allows current to pass through the brain of the hog rendering the
animal unconscious
head only type
Type of electrical stunner in which one of the prods is positioned on the head and the other
prod is positioned on the body of the hog
head to back type
Type of electric stunner integrated in the conveyor restrainer wherein the electrodes are
made in contact with the forehead and forelegs of the animal
head to foreleg type
diameter of the piston inside the cylinder
bore
species of hog used as test material
breed
physical damages or wounds on the skin of the test hog caused by the restraining equipment
bruises
optimum angle that the discharge wall can tilt measured from its initial position up to its
dumping position
dumping angle
position of the discharge wall that allows discharge of stunned hog from the restrainer
dumping position
time it takes the semi-automatic restrainer to tilt the discharge wall
dumping time
measurement around the hog’s body just behind the forelegs that is used to compute for the estimated weight of the hog in the absence of the scale
girth
piece of mass that has a weight almost equal to that the of the entrance gate attached at one
end of the cable that acts as operating lever of the vertical entrance gate
counterweight
keeps the counterweight in its line of motion
counterweight
guide
part of the restrainer which can be tilted on one side, known as dumping side, to release hog
after stunning
discharge wall
flooring of the hog restrainer designed to suspend the hog during disengagement
drop floor
lever used to reset drop floor
drop floor lever
opens the dumping side wall of the restrainer to release the hog from the restrainer
dump lever
opening that allows livestock access into the restrainer
entrance gate
solid floor at the bottom of the automatic restrainer for the animals to walk down to the
entrance ramp
false floor
keeps the drop floor in its locked position
floor lock
mechanical device used to give a linear force through a linear stroke using the energy of the
hydraulic fluid under pressure
hydraulic cylinder
mechanical device which produces force, often in combination with movement, and are
powered by compressed gas (typically air)
pneumatic cylinder
length of displacement of the cylinder rod which is equivalent to the length of the rod in the
cylinder in its extended position less the length once retracted
stroke
distance measured from the center of one pipe perforation to the center of the adjacent
perforation
perforation interval
distance between the ribs of the release cradle
rib interval
optimum angle that the release cradle can swing
release angle
vessel to which water, fuel and air are supplied and in which steam is generated
boiler
part of the scalder that is used to remove hogs from the scalder
release cradle
scalding tank; slaughterhouse equipment that can contain water which is heated to loosen the
animal’s hair from the follicles
scalder
refers to the standard wall thickness of the commercially available pipe which is relative to
the applied pressure and material strength
schedule
an electromechanical valve used to automatically shut off or open steam line in hog scalder
solenoid valve
device used to automatically control and to keep temperature within the required settings
thermostat
Type of hog scalder wherein water is directly heated by using steam which passes through
perforated pipes
steam heated scalder
Type of hog scalder wherein water is heated by using a burner
gas heated scalder
Type of hog scalder wherein water is heated by using biomass fuels such as coconut shell, saw
dust, firewood and rice hull fed into the furnace to be burned
solid fired scalder
Type of hog scalder usually integrated in automated slaughterhouses wherein hogs are
scalded while being hung on the overhead railing
vertical scalder
hanger spacing; horizontal distance between rail hangers
bracket spacing
maximum load capacity of a rail track in a 1000 mm distance, expressed in kg
moving load capacity
radius; distance of a circle or curve to its center
radius of curvature
measurement of upward or downward inclination of the rail track from a reference horizontal plane
rail slope
center to center distance or spacing between railings measured horizontally
rail track spacing
horizontal protruding rectangular block from the column of the building that gives support to
the main rail frame
corbel
horizontal supporting bar where carcass is attached through incision in the hind feet
gambrel
separate half of the split hog
hog side
yolk-like flat steel bar where trolley wheel is mounted
hog trolley frame
device used for lifting or lowering a load by means of a drum or lift-wheel around which rope or chain wraps
hoist
suspended solid steel track used to hang and/or convey carcasses
overhead rail
solid horizontal metal beam where rail track is securely fastened
overhead rail frame
steel material that supports and holds the rail track suspended from the overhead rail frame
rail hanger/bracket
height of rail measured from top of the rail to the floor
rail height
electronic weighing device integrated to an overhead rail system
rail scale
center to center distance or spacing between railings measured horizontally
rail spacing
mechanical retracting rail that allows change in direction of trolley
rail switch
rail; conveyor track where trolleys are hanged and allowed to roll
rail track
rail branch where suspected carcass is diverted for further inspection
retained rail
shackle; solid metal chain used to tie or hold the hog through the feet for lifting
shackle chain
condition wherein the final judgment of the carcass cannot be ascertained and would
therefore require further inspection and/or examination
suspected carcass
specified dimensions of track rail, expressed in millimeters
track size/diameter
suspended metal carrier assembly with one (1) or two (2) wheels and a hook used to carry or
transport carcass
trolley
a shafting or a spindle that holds the trolley wheel in its frame
trolley pin
circular steel bar hook attached at the lower end of the trolley that allows rotation of the
suspended hogs
trolley swivel
circular pulley-like steel material that rolls freely on the rail
trolley wheel
flexural stress; stress caused by bending moment at a given point in the beam supporting the overhead rail system
bending
deformation caused by excessive stress applied to the overhead rail system
fracture
failure due to elastic instability of the overhead rail system
sagging
ratio of the speed of conveyor without load to the speed of conveyor with load, expressed in
percent
speed reduction
average normal stress at any point on the cross sectional area of the overhead rail system
tensile strength
process of removing the blood from the animal before further handling
bleeding
separate half of the split carcass
carcass side
whom animal having rumen as part of its stomach such as cattle, carabao and buffalo l
large ruminants
motorized or hydraulic device that allows gradual descent of carcass along the rail
lowerator
cutting or dividing the carcass into half through its backbone
splitting
horizontal supporting bar used for separating the hind legs of hung animal to a distance
suitable for evisceration and splitting processes
spreader
auxiliary part of the overhead rail system used to halt the trolley to slide on the rail tracks
during operations.
stopper
condition wherein the final judgment of the carcass cannot be ascertained and would
therefore require further inspection and/or examination
suspended carcass
electronic weighing device integrated to an overhead rail system
track sale
track diameter; specified dimensions of rail track, expressed in millimeters
track size
flat bar of non-corrosive materials that holds the trolley wheel, swivel and hook together
trolley frame
round stainless steel bar shaped into hook where the carcass is hung
trolley hook
force per unit area in contact like compressive and tensile stress
bearing stress
force per unit area, that tends to compress or shorten the material
compressive stress
instrument used for checking whether a plane structure is flat and horizontally leveled
leveling bubble
time required to split one (1) carcass expressed in seconds
splitting type
part of the platform that serves as the flooring for the operator to stand on
floor plate
distance measured vertically from the floor plate to the finish floor line
floor plate height
part of the platform designed to provide safety for the operator
guard rail
part of the guard rail designed to be grasped by the operator when ascending, descending or
moving horizontally
hand rail
equipment used by the operator to reach the required height to perform slaughtering process
platform
switch; auxiliary part of the mechanical platform that regulates the speed and controls the
vertical – horizontal movement of the platform
platform contro
sideward or horizontal movement of the platform
side travel
Type of platform that has a fixed height for a specific application such as bleeding, dehiding,
evisceration and splitting
stationary platform
linear displacement of the blade’s teeth per unit time, expressed in millimeter per second
blade speed
particles of bone accumulated during cutting
bone dust
depth of cut by the splitting saw through the backbone, expressed in millimeter
cutting depth
speed of cutting through the backbone, expressed in seconds
cutting speed
the physical measurement of an object as described by its length, width, height and thickness
dimension
amount of energy delivered by the splitting saw relative to the total energy input, expressed
in percent
percent splitting
efficiency
number of hogs split per unit time, expressed in heads per hour
splitting rate
actual time of splitting a single hog, expressed in seconds
splitting time
vertebral column of an animal
backbone
safety cover for cutting mechanism
blade guard
holding mechanism for hand saw that tightens and keeps the blade in a vertical position
blade holders
small sharp points along the cutting side of the saw
blade teeth
blade of a saw with a small, sharp metal teeth along the cutting edge
cutting blade
mechanism that delivers rotating motion from the motor to the cutting blade
drive shaft
part of the machine that provides friction against the hand, reducing the gripping force
needed to achieve a reliable grip
gripping handle
spaces between each segment of the blade to provide cooling and slurry removal
gullets
part of the saw used for suspending the entire machine, such that the hanger mounting
bracket is located at the center of gravity of the machine
hanger mounting
bracket
body of the splitting saw
main frame
circular saw; machine with rotating circular blade used for cutting material
rotary saw
tool with a metal blade designed to cut the backbone of hog carcass
splitting saw
spacing between the blade teeth, expressed in teeth per inch
tooth pitch
linear displacement of the rotating blade at a given time, expressed in meter per second
linear speed
total time spent to rotate the restraint from its upright position to inverted position
rotating time
angle measured from the restraint’s initial upright position to inverted position
rotating angle
part of the head gate which positions the head of the animal to facilitate stunning
chin lift
part of the stunning box which opens to release the animal after stunning
discharge gate
part of the stunning box which secures the head in restraining the animal
head gate
part of the stunning box which pushes the animal forward towards the head gate
tail pusher
Type of stunning box that resembles a small cage with open top and has a side gate for
removal of stunned animal
upright type
Type of stunning box that has adjustable side walls and back rest that supports the body of
the animal during flipping
rotating type
