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PAES Terms (Full) > Materials > Flashcards

Materials Flashcards

1
Q

load or force passing through the axis of rotation

A

radial load

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2
Q

the number of revolutions or hours at a given constant speed that 90 percent of an apparently identical group of bearings will complete or exceed before the first evidence of fatigue develops

A

rated life

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3
Q

the radial load that a ball bearing can withstand for one million revolutions of the inner ring

A

basic dynamic load
rating

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4
Q

constant stationary radial load which, if applied to a bearing with rotating inner ring and
stationary outer ring, would give the same life as that which the bearing will attain under the
actual conditions of load and rotation

A

equivalent dynamic
load

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5
Q

the maximum radial load, which corresponds to a calculated contact stress at the center of
the most heavily, loaded rolling element/raceway contact

A

basic static load
rating

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6
Q

static radial load, if applied, which produces a maximum contact stress equal in magnitude to the maximum contact stress in the actual condition of loading

A

equivalent static load

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7
Q

a mechanical device designed specifically to hold, join, or maintain equilibrium of single or multiple components

A

fastener

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8
Q

an externally threaded fastener designed for insertion through holes in assembled parts, and
normally tightened or released by torquing a nut

A

bolt

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9
Q

a block or sleeve having an internal thread designed to assemble with the external thread on a bolt, screw, stud or other threaded part

A

nut

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10
Q

the designation used for the purpose of general identification

A

nominal size

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11
Q

the distance from the intersection of the largest diameter of the head with the bearing surface to the extreme end of the fastener, measured parallel to the axis of the fastener

A

length of fastener

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12
Q

thread which winds in a clockwise and receding direction from the starting end, when viewed from that end

A

right hand thread

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13
Q

a thread which winds in a counterclockwise and receding direction from the starting end,
when viewed from that end

A

left hand thread

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14
Q

the specified load which the fastener must withstand without any indication of permanent deformation after the load is released

A

proof load

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15
Q

the distance (in millimeters), measured parallel to the thread axis, between corresponding
points on adjacent thread forms in the same axial plane on the same side of the axis

A

pitch

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16
Q

for a straight thread, this is the diameter of the imaginary cylinder bounding the crest of an external thread or the root of an internal thread

A

major diamater

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17
Q

for a straight thread, this diameter is the imaginary cylinder bounding the root of an external thread or the crest of an internal thread

A

minor diameter

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18
Q

for a straight thread, this is the diameter of the imaginary cylinder whose surface passes
through the thread profiles in such a way to make the widths of the thread ridge and the
thread groove equal

A

pitch diameter

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19
Q

used to join lengths of shafting, which must often be sectionalized for practicability and economy in manufacture and shipping or for purposes of ready installation

A

couplings

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20
Q

couplings which permits the disengagement of the coupled shafts during rotation

A

clutches

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21
Q

used for the transmission of power from a shaft to hub or vice versa.

A

splines

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22
Q

designed to reduce coupling shack by slipping during the engagement period. They also
serve as safety devices by slipping when the torque exceeds their maximum rating.

A

friction clutch

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23
Q

produces its torque by virtue of the centrifugal force of weights pressing against the driving
or frictionally driven member.

A

centrifugal clutch

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24
Q

consists of a frustum of a cone, so fitted to a shaft by means of a feather key that it can be
pushed into an opposite engaging surface rigidly attached to the other shaft

A

conical friction clutch

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25
Q

designed to transmit torque without slip, jaw clutches are the most common

A

positive clutch

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26
Q

used when the shafts are virtually collinear and when they remain in a fixed angular relation with respect to each other (except for angular deflection).

A

rigid coupling

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27
Q

essentially a split and bolted sleeve coupling, proportioned to clamp firmly on the shafts

A

clamp shaft coupling

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28
Q

commonly used in permanent installations for heavy loads and large sizes and particularly
for vertical drives, as agitators

A

flange face coupling

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29
Q

designed to connect shafts which are misaligned either laterally or angularly. A secondary benefit is the absorption of impacts due to fluctuations in shaft torque or angular speed.

A

flexible coupling

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30
Q

used to connect shafts with much larger values of misalignment than can be tolerated by the
other types of flexible couplings

A

universal joint

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31
Q

multiple keys in the general form of internal and external gear teeth, used to prevent
relative rotation of cylindrically fitted machine parts

A

involute splines

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32
Q

are employed in multiple-spline fittings having 4, 6, 10, or 16 splines

A

square splines

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33
Q

synthetic organic material, including cellulose derivatives, with or without the incorporation of fillers, binders, pigments, dyes, which is capable of being shaped

A

plastics

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34
Q

simple unpolymerized form of chemical compound

A

monomer

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35
Q

chemical compound with higher molecular weight consisting of a number of structural units linked together by covalent bonds

A

polymer

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36
Q

polymers consisting of more than one monomer

A

copolymer

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37
Q

non-ionic chemical bond formed by stored electrons

A

covalent

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38
Q

substances that melt on heating and are processes in this state by a variety of extrusion and
molding process

A

thermoplastic

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39
Q

substances that cannot be melted and remelted

A

thermoset

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40
Q

temperature at which the plastic can withstand without incurring a change in its physical properties

A

service temperature

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41
Q

belts used to transmit rotary motion and power between two shafts, which lie flat on the
face of its corresponding pulley

A

flat belt

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42
Q

wheel having flat or crowned face used to transmit motion and power by means of flat belts

A

flat belt pulley

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43
Q

power transmission device used to transmit power and motion between two shafts
consisting of flat belts which ride in flat pulleys

A

flat belt drive

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44
Q

outside diameter of the pulley

A

pulley diameter

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45
Q

stretched-out length of the belt

A

belt length

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46
Q

ratio of the angular velocities of the pulleys making no allowance for slip and creep

A

speed ratio

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47
Q

the linear speed of the belt calculated by multiplying the rpm and the diameter of the driver pulley and to the value of pi

A

belt speed

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48
Q

cylindrical gear whose tooth traces are helices, it transmits rotational motion and power
between two parallel axes

A

helical gear

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49
Q

each of the projecting parts of a gear which is intended to ensure, by contact with the teeth of another gear, that one gear turns the other

A

gear tooth

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50
Q

quotient of the circular pitch, expressed in millimeters, to the number π (or the quotient of
the diametral pitch, expressed in millimeters, to the number of teeth)

A

module

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51
Q

quotient of the normal circular pitch (expressed in millimeters) and the number π, where the normal circular pitch is the product of the circular pitch and the cosine of the helix angle

A

normal module

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52
Q

line of intersection of the pitch cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the gear

A

pitch circle

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53
Q

radial distance between the addendum circle and the pitch circle

A

addendum

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54
Q

circle that bounds the outer ends of the teeth

A

addendum circle

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55
Q

radial distance between the dedendum circle and the pitch circle

A

dedendum

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56
Q

line of intersection of the dedendum cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the
gear

A

dedendum circle

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57
Q

amount by which the dedendum in a given gear exceeds the addendum of its meshing gear

A

clearance

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58
Q

diameter of the pitch circle*

A

pitch diameter

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59
Q

diameter of the addendum circle

A

addendum diameter

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60
Q

diameter of the of the dedendum circle

A

dedendum diameter

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61
Q

radial distance between the addendum circle and the dedendum circle

A

tooth depth

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62
Q

length of the arc of the pitch circle between two consecutive corresponding points of
adjacent teeth

A

circular pitch

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63
Q

length of the arc, living between the tooth traces of two consecutive corresponding flanks of a cylindrical normal helix

A

normal circular pitch

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64
Q

width of the tooth measured along the circular pitch

A

tooth thickness

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65
Q

space between teeth measured along the pitch circle

A

tooth space

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66
Q

difference between the tooth space and the tooth thickness

A

backlash

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67
Q

width over the toothed part of a gear, measured along a straight line generator of the
reference cylinder

A

face width

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68
Q

portion of the surface of a tooth lying between the tip surface and the root surface

A

tooth flank

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69
Q

pressure angle at the point where the profile cuts the pitch circle

A

pressure angle

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70
Q

pressure angle at a point on a tooth trace

A

normal pressure
angle

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71
Q

curve whose tangents are inclined at a constant angle to the axis of the cylinder

A

helix

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72
Q

in a cylinder on which helix is considered, a helix which is perpendicular to that helix

A

normal helix

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73
Q

acute angle between the tooth trace and the generator of any imaginary cylinder or cone
coaxial with a gear whose tooth trace is under consideration

A

helix angle

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74
Q

the line of intersection of a tooth flank with any defined surface cutting the reference
surface

A

tooth profile

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75
Q

the line of intersection of a flank with the reference surface

A

tooth trace

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76
Q

a cylindrical gear of which every usable tooth profile is an arc of an involute to a circle

A

involute cylindrical
gear

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77
Q

plane curve described by a point on a straight line (the “generating line”), which rolls out without slip on the base circl

A

involute to a circle

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78
Q

sleeve bearing; a cylinder which surrounds the shaft and is filled with some form of fluid
lubricant

A

journal bearing

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79
Q

the part of the rotating shaft , axle, roll or spindle that turns in a bearing

A

journal

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80
Q

a medium that supports the shaft preventing metal to metal contact

A

lubricant

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81
Q

keys whose longitudinal sides are parallel with each other

A

parallel keys

82
Q

keys with a tapered longitudinal section

A

taper keys

83
Q

keys with a semi-circular cross-section

A

woodruff keys

84
Q

long evenly shaped piece of solid metal

A

bar

85
Q

steel bar with lugs or protrusions called deformations

A

deformed bar

86
Q

diameter equivalent to the diameter of a plain round bar having the same mass per meter

A

nominal diameter of
deformed bar

87
Q

long hollow cylinder of specified thickness whose nominal size is approximated by the inside
diameter

A

pipe

88
Q

long hollow product of round or any other cross-section whose size is specified by the
outside dimensions

A

tube

89
Q

rolled rectangular section of thickness over 0.15 mm up to 6.0 mm, with sheared, slit or
sawn edges

A

aluminum and
aluminum alloy sheet

90
Q

galvanized flat or corrugated metal product cut to the standard or specified length and has a nominal base metal thickness ranging from 0.20 mm to 1.6 mm and a flat width of 760 mm to 1,220 mm

A

galvanized steel sheet

91
Q

quotient of the load (when the specified permanent elongation occurs in a tensile test)
divided by the original cross-sectional area

A

proof stress

92
Q

term applied to changes in physical and mechanical properties of low carbon steel that occur with the passage of time and adversely affect formability

A

ageing

93
Q

removal of oxygen which causes oxidation of steel

A

deoxidation

94
Q

a headed pin of metal used for uniting two or more pieces by passing the shank through a
hole in each piece and then by beating or pressing down the plain end so as to make a
second head

A

rivet

95
Q

the diameter of the shank

A

nominal diameter

96
Q

a type of riveted joint wherein the plates overlap each other and are held together by one or
more rows of rivets.

A

lap joint

97
Q

a type of riveted joint wherein the plates being joined are in the same plane and are joined
by means of a cover plate or butt strap which is riveted to both plates by one or more rows of rivets

A

butt joint

98
Q

spacing between rivet centers

A

pitch

99
Q

the distance from the edge of the plate to the centerline of the nearest row of rivets

A

margin

100
Q

allowance in length of rivet in order to turn over or flatten the protruding end

A

clinch allowance

101
Q

distance between adjacent joint members

A

chain pitch

102
Q

the diameter of a circle tangent to the curve (called the seating curve) at the bottom of the
tooth gap

A

bottom diameter

103
Q

for a sprocket with an odd number of teeth, it is the distance from the bottom of the tooth gap to that of the nearest opposite tooth gap

A

caliper diameter

104
Q

it is the diameter over the tips of the teeth

A

outside diameter

105
Q

an externally threaded fastener capable of being inserted into holes in assembled parts, of
mating with preformed internal thread or forming its own thread, and of being tightened or released by torquing the head

A

screw

106
Q

Used to increase the bearing area thus distributing the fastener load over a large area,
particularly on soft materials such as aluminum.

A

hexagonal flange
head

107
Q

For applications where space is restricted making impossible to use a wrench for tightening.

A

pan head

108
Q

When space is restricted making impossible to use a wrench for tightening, and where a flat surface is required.

A

flat countersunk head

109
Q

When space is restricted making impossible to use a wrench for tightening, where a flat surface is required. This type shall be recommended for machine parts that are always
disassembled.

A

oval countersunk
head

110
Q

When space is restricted making impossible to use a wrench for tightening and for
applications that requires no protruding parts of the machine.

A

slotted head

111
Q

For applications that require no protruding parts of the machine. The use of this type of
setscrew allows easy assembly and disassembly of machine parts

A

hexagon socket head

112
Q

a cylindrical gear whose tooth traces are straight lines parallel to the axis. Generally, it
transmits rotational motion and power between two axes

A

spur gear

113
Q

each of the projecting parts of a gear which are intended to ensure, by contact with the
teeth of another gear, that one of the other gear turns the other

A

gear tooth

114
Q

used to transmit power between shafts at practically any angle

A

bevel gear

115
Q

bevel gears whose teeth are straight but the sides are tapered so that they would intersect the axis at a common point called the pitch cone apex if extended inward

A

straight bevel gears

116
Q

bevel gears having equal numbers of driver and driven gear teeth and operate at axes with right angles

A

miter gears

117
Q

the portion of the bevel gear tooth near the inner end

A

toe

118
Q

the portion of the bevel gear tooth near the outer end

A

heel

119
Q

the angle between an element of the front cone and a plane of rotation

A

front angle

120
Q

the angle between an element of the face cone and its axis

A

face angle

121
Q

the angle between meshing bevel gear axes: also, the sum of the two pitch angles

A

shaft angle

122
Q

the angle formed between a tooth element and the axis of the bevel gear

A

root angle

123
Q

the distance along the axis from apex of pitch cone to a locating registering surface on back

A

pitch apex to back

124
Q

the distance from the crown to the rear of the gear

A

crown to back

125
Q

the sharp corner forming the outside diameter

A

crown

126
Q

the diameter and/or plane of rotation surface which is used in locating the gear in the
application assembly

A

mounting surface

127
Q

for assembled bevel gears, the distance from the crossing point of the axes to the registering surface, measured along the gear axis; ideally it should be identical to the apex to back

A

mounting distance

128
Q

the distance along an element of the back cone from the apex to the pitch circle

A

back cone distance

129
Q

the angle of a cone whose elements are tangent to a sphere containing a trace of the pitch circle

A

back cone

130
Q

the angle between an element of the back cone and the plane of rotation

A

back angle

131
Q

the distance from the end of the tooth to the pitch apex

A

cone distance

132
Q

the angle formed between an element of the pitch cone and the bevel gear axis, it is the half
angle of the pitch cone

A

pitch angle

133
Q

high density fiberboard that has been specially treated with drying oil, petroleum derivatives or other compounds stabilized by baking or heating, and generally intended for the use where moisture resistance is required.

A

tempered fiberboard

134
Q

A high density fiberboard without subsequent treatment generally intended for interior use

A

standard fiberboard

135
Q

A hardboard without any factory-applied finish.

A

plain

136
Q

High density fiberboard with a smooth surface on one side and a screen impression on the
other side.

A

smooth one side

137
Q

flexible machine element used to transmit motion and power between two shafts, the cross
section of which is shaped roughly like a regular trapezoid outlined by the base, sides and
top of the belt

A

v belt

138
Q

wheel with one or more grooved rims used to transmit motion and power by means of one or more V-belts

A

v pulley

139
Q

power transmission device, which consists of one or more V-belts, mounted on two or more V-pulleys

A

v belt drive

140
Q

type of plywood intended for outdoor or marine uses, also known as Type I

A

exterior plywood

141
Q

surface of the plywood showing veneer of higher grade than that of the back side

A

face

142
Q

plywood faced with a material other than wood, such as metal or plastic

A

face plywood

143
Q

panel made of consolidated ligno-cellulosic fibers with the primary bond derived from their inherent adhesive properties and/or the addition of resin or other materials

A

fiberboard

144
Q

consist essentially of an inorganic hydraulic binder or a calcium silicate binder formed by the chemical reaction of a siliceous material and a calcareous material reinforced by organic fibers and/or inorganic synthetic fibers

A

fiber cement flat
sheets

145
Q

type of plywood intended for inside use, having limited moisture resistance

A

interior plywood

146
Q

side board made up of well machined lumber strips properly dried and glued together

A

lumber core

147
Q

ply board; plywood made up of face/back veneer, crossboard core veneer and well composed kiln dried lumber core

A

lumber core plywood

148
Q

sheet of plywood

A

panel

149
Q

board principally made from wood chips and formed by hot press process with adhesive

A

particle board

150
Q

stratum or layer used in referring to the successive layers of veneer in a panel

A

ply

151
Q

assembled product made of layers of veneers and/or lumber core held together by an adhesive, the chief characteristics of which is the alternate cross layers, distributing the longitudinal wood strength

A

plywood

152
Q

Hardboard which has a pattern impressed on one surface, e.g. simulating some other materials such as leather, sawali, wood grain, bark, diamond, fine weave, and others

A

decorative

153
Q

Usually S1S hardboard with holes punched or drilled at the factory for use with various
fixtures to provide decorative wall-mounted storage facilities or which may be used for
acoustic purposes.

A

perforated

154
Q

High density fiberboard with smooth surfaces on both sides.

A

smooth two sides

155
Q

This bonding class is appropriate for veneer plywood intended for use in normal interior climates.

A

class 1 dry conditions

156
Q

This bonding class is appropriate for veneer plywood intended for protected external
applications (e.g. behind cladding or under roof coverings), but capable of resisting weather
exposure for short periods (e.g. when exposed during construction).

A

class 2 humid conditions

157
Q

This bonding class is designed for veneer plywood intended for exposure to weather over
sustained periods.

A

class 3 exterior conditions

158
Q

This provides high strength and stiffness while offering enhanced dimensional stability and ease of machining. A semi-crystalline material, with low coefficient of friction
and good wear properties-especially in wet environments.

A

acetals

159
Q

one of the most versatile and widely used thermoplastic materials. Its physical properties and reasonable price combine to make it a popular choice for numerous applications.

A

polyamide

160
Q

Engineering plastic which can replace steel, brass, bronze, aluminum, wood, and rubber,
while reducing noise, using less lubrication, and increasing gear life.

A

polyamide

161
Q

an amorphous thermoplastic with excellent dimensional stability and good strength and
stiffness over a wide range of service temperatures. It is often used for structural applications when transparency and impact strength are essential

A

polycarbonate

162
Q

suits a wide variety of electrical applications as well, because of its low moisture absorption,
good insulation and excellent flammability rating.

A

polycarbonate

163
Q

It is an inexpensive alternative to metals, ceramics, and wood because it is self-lubricating;
long-wearing; and shatter-, abrasion-, and corrosion-resistant.

A

polyethylene umhwpe

164
Q

noted for its light weight, being less dense than water; it is a polymer of propylene. It resists
moisture, oils, and solvents

A

polypropylene

165
Q

It is more popularly known as Teflon, and is based on chain of carbon atoms, the same as all
polymers.

A

polytetrafluoroethylene

166
Q

a thermoplastic that is a polymer of vinyl chloride.This plastic has found extensive use as an electrical insulator for wires and cables.

A

polyvinyl chloride

167
Q

It can be machined or cemented and, with standard equipment, will fabricate like wood, metal, or other plastics. It weighs half as much as comparable glass and yet has good shatter resistance and durability.

A

acrylic

168
Q

Pin used as locking device for other fasteners. Used with a slotted nut on bolt, screws, or
studs, it provides a convenient, low-cost locknut assembly.

A

split

169
Q

Pin used for light-duty service in the attachment of wheels, levers and similar components
to shafts

A

taper

170
Q

Pin holding laminated sections together with surfaces either drawn up tight or separated in
some fixed relationship.

A

parallel or dowel

171
Q

Pin for fastening machine parts where accuracy of alignment is a primary consideration.

A

parallel or dowel

172
Q

Pin for locking components on shafts

A

parallel or dowel

173
Q

Pin used in connecting mating yoke, or fork, and eye members in knuckle-joint assemblies

A

clevis

174
Q

This bearing is often referred to as the deep groove or conrad bearing

A

single row radial

175
Q

Bearing which is available in many variations such as single, double shields, and seals.

A

single row radial

176
Q

This type of bearing is normally used for radial; and thrust loads (maximum two-thirds of
radial).

A

single row radial

177
Q

bearings which have a geometry that is similar to that of a deep-groove bearing except for a filling slot

A

maximum capacity
bearing

178
Q

This bearing provides for heavy radial and light thrust loads without increasing the outside
diameter of the bearing. It is about 60 to 80 percent wider than a comparable single-row
bearing. Because of the filling slot, thrust loads may be light

A

double row

179
Q

This bearing may be used for primarily radial loads where self-alignment (±4°) is required.
The self-aligning feature should not be abused, as excessive misalignment or thrust load (10
percent of radial) causes early failure.

A

internal self-aligning
double-row

180
Q

These bearings are designed to support combined radial and thrust loads or heavy thrust
loads depending on the contact-angle magnitude

A

angular contact bearing

181
Q

This type of bearing is used for linear motions on hardened shafts (Rockwell C 58 to 64).
Some types can be used for linear and rotary motions

A

ball bushings

182
Q

This type of ball or roller bearing has split inner, outer ring, and cage, which are assembled by screws. This feature is expensive but useful where it is difficult to install or remove a solid bearing.

A

split type ball bearing

183
Q

Bearings which may be used for low-speed applications where other bearings carry the
radial load. These bearings are made with shields, as well as the open type.

A

ball thrust bearing

184
Q

These bearings utilize cylinders with approximate length/diameter ratio ranging from 1:1 to 1:3 as rolling elements.

A

cylindrical roller

185
Q

Bearings which are normally used for heavy radial loads and especially useful for free axial
movement of the shaft. They also have the highest speed limits for roller bearings.

A

cylindrical roller

186
Q

These bearings have rollers whose length is at least 4 times their diameter. They are the
most useful where space is a factor and are available with or without inner race, it must be
hardened or ground.

A

needle bearing

187
Q

Type of needle bearing which is used for high loads, oscillating, or slow speeds.

A

full-complement type

188
Q

Type of needle bearing which should be used for rotational motion. They cannot support
thrust loads.

A

cage type

189
Q

These bearings are used for heavy radial and thrust loads. They are designed so that all
elements in the rolling surface and the raceways intersect at a common point on the axis:
thus true rolling is obtained.

A

tapered roller

190
Q

These bearings are excellent for heavy radial loads and moderate thrust.

A

spherical roller

191
Q

These bearings are made of a series of short rollers to minimize the skidding, which causes twisting of the rollers. They may be used for moderate speeds and loads.

A

straight-roller thrust
bearing

192
Q

It eliminates the skidding that takes place with straight rollers but causes a thrust load
between the ends of the rollers and the shoulder on the race. Thus speeds are limited
because the roller end and race flange are in sliding contact.

A

tapered-roller thrust
bearing

193
Q

Washer used to produce a predetermined pressure on adjacent members where sliding action is desired, or to serve as spring take-up devices in an assembly.

A

spring lock washer

194
Q

Washer used with screws to add spring take-up to screw elongation.

A

conical spring washer

195
Q

Toothed lock washer used when projection of teeth beyond the head or nut is
objectionable.

A

internal toothed

196
Q

Toothed lock washer used when security of assembly is critical.

A

external toothed

197
Q

Toothed lock washer used under countersunk screw heads.

A

countersunk external
toothed

198
Q

Tooth locked washer used against soft materials and thin steel sheet

A

internal external toothed

199
Q

Washer which provides bearing surface for a nut or screw head, covers large clearance
holes, and distribute fastener loads over large area, particularly on soft materials such as aluminum or wood.

A

plain washer

200
Q

Washer used with screws and nuts not only to effectively add spring take-up to the screw
elongation but to increase the frictional resistance under the screw hard or nut face.

A

toothed lock washer

PAES Terms (Full) (5 decks)

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