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PAES Terms (Full) > Postharvest > Flashcards

Postharvest Flashcards

1
Q

ratio of the total dry weight (moisture content of 14%) of the fiber extracted to the potential fiber content of abaca tuxies, expressed in percent

A

stripping efficiency

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2
Q

refers to the physical properties such as tensile strength, length, color and texture (fineness and coarseness) of fibers extracted

A

fiber quality

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3
Q

difference between the potential fiber content of abaca tuxies and dry weight (moisture
content of 14%) of the actual fiber extracted using abaca stripper, expressed in percent

A

extraction loss

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4
Q

indicator of the quality or the characteristics of the physical property of a fiber

A

grade

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5
Q

fresh weight of the output fiber extracted from the abaca stripper per unit time, kg/h

A

output capacity

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6
Q

distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the stripping machine

A

overall height

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7
Q

distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the abaca
stripper and touching its front and rear extremities

A

overall length

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8
Q

distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the machine, each
plane touching the outermost point of the stripper on its respective side

A

overall width

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9
Q

summation of the weight of extracted fiber using manual or mechanical abaca stripper
and unextracted fiber manually obtained

A

potential fiber content

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10
Q

preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct of
test until the operation is stable

A

running-in period

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11
Q

ratio of fresh weight of fiber extracted and the total fresh weight of input abaca tuxies to
the abaca stripper, expressed in percent

A

potential fiber recovery

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12
Q

long and slender natural filament of abaca plant

A

abaca fiber

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13
Q

part of abaca plant which consist of several layers of leaf sheath

A

abaca stalk

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14
Q

mechanical device used for extracting primary fibers by scraping action from blade and
stripping block

A

abaca stripper

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15
Q

method that uses bolo to partially cut (leaving the upper layer 1 mm to 2 mm thick uncut)
crosswise the middle of the inner portion of the leaf sheath to be able to extract the
tuxies

A

bacnis method

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16
Q

the outer layer of abaca leaf sheath which contains the primary fiber

A

tuxy

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17
Q

method that uses tuxying knife to thrust one side of the leaf sheath and make a cut
between the upper and the inner portions of the material to be able to extract the tuxies

A

locnit method

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18
Q

soft tissue or non-fibrous material attached to the fiber

A

parenchymatous
material

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19
Q

extracting the fiber from abaca tuxies using abaca stripper

A

stripping

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20
Q

part of the abaca stripper that provides friction and where raw materials are being locked
in position during fiber extraction

A

stripping block

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21
Q

separating the outer layer from inner layer of leaf sheath which is at most 1.8 mm of
abaca leaf sheath either by locnit method (using tuxying knife) or bacnis method (using
bolo)

A

tuxying

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22
Q

metal plate, non-serrated or serrated, that provides stripping action

A

stripping knife

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23
Q

ratio of the actual and the theoretical heating value of fuel, expressed in percent

A

burning efficiency

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24
Q

ratio of the actual and the theoretical heating value of fuel, expressed in percent

A

furnace efficiency

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25
Q

heat absorbed by a unit mass of a material at its boiling point in order to convert the
material into a gas without temperature change

A

latent heat of
vaporization

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26
Q

heat absorbed or evolved by a substance during a change of temperature that is not
accompanied by a change of state

A

sensible heat

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27
Q

ratio of actual and theoretical heat supplied by the fuel to the furnace, expressed in
percent

A

heating system
efficiency

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28
Q

organic materials used as renewable source of energy like wood chips, corncobs and rice
hulls, etc.

A

biomass

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29
Q

enclosed structure for intense heating by fire using any biomass like woodchips, corncobs
and rice hulls as fuel

A

biomass furnace

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30
Q

fire resistant surface located at the heating chamber of the biomass furnace

A

hearth

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31
Q

materials to be processed (i.e. dried, burned, melted, etc.) using biomass furnace

A

workload

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32
Q

framework of metal bars or fire bricks used to hold biomass fuel in furnace for more
efficient combustion

A

grate

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33
Q

ratio of the weight of the input biomass materials less unshredded biomass materials, to
the total weight of the input biomass materials to the shredder, expressed in percent

A

shredding efficiency

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34
Q

weight of biomass material fed into the shredder, expressed in kilogram per hour

A

input capacity

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35
Q

biomass material that is not totally cut into strips

A

unshredded

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36
Q

machine used to cut biomass materials into strips

A

biomass shredder

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37
Q

part of a shredding machine which is used to cut or sliced twigs or small branches of trees
into small and uniform sizes called chips

A

chipping section

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38
Q

part of the biomass shredder where the biomass materials to be cut are loaded

A

hopper

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39
Q

electric motor or internal combustion engine used to drive the biomass shredder

A

prime mover

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40
Q

thin slice of material with thickness of about 4 mm

A

chip

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41
Q

chipper; size reduction machine either power or manually operated which is used to cut
or slice root crops or banana into small thin pieces called chips

A

chipping machine

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42
Q

amount of material that can be processed per unit time, kg/h

A

chipping capacity

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43
Q

cutting rotor; devices intended to slice the crop into chips with reasonable consistency
within a range of optional settings

A

cutterhead

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44
Q

opening through which chipped material is thrown out

A

discharge chute

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45
Q

type of chipping machine with knives mounted radially with the cutting edges describing a
plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation

A

flywheel type

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46
Q

component intended to provide protection for the operator or bystander from injury

A

guard

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47
Q

knives on cylindrical mountings such that the cutting edges of the knives are essentially
parallel to the axis of rotation

A

drum type

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48
Q

fibrous covering of a coconut fruit comprising of 30% fiber and 70% parenchymatous cells

A

coconut husk

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49
Q

slender and elongated fibrous materials extracted from coconut husk

A

coconut coir

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50
Q

fine and powder-like particles parenchymatous cells that are extracted from the coconut
husk

A

coconut peat

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51
Q

machine to crush matured coconut husk through impact or beating action to separate
coco fiber and coconut peat from the husk

A

coconut coir
decorticator

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52
Q

ratio of the weight of the input coconut husk partially and totally undecorticated coconut
husk to the total weight of the input coconut husk to the decorticator, expressed in
percent

A

decorticating efficiency

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53
Q

refers to the physical and morphological (e.g. tensile strength, maturity, color, fiber length
and cleanliness) properties of fibers extracted

A

coir quality

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54
Q

portion of the coconut husk that is partially crushed and totally crushed

A

undecorticated

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55
Q

container where oven-dried samples are cooled without affecting its moisture content

A

desiccators

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56
Q

quantity of crude oil that the expeller can extract per unit of time, expressed in kilogram
per hour

A

crude oil production
rate

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57
Q

amount of input test material free of foreign matter expressed as percentage of the total
weight of the sample

A

purity

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58
Q

copra residue that pass through the expeller barrel together with the crude oil but is
filtered by the perforated screen placed at the entrance of the crude oil chute

A

wet copra meal

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59
Q

permit a final adjustment of pressure and capacity in order to correct variations in the raw
material and to secure the lowest possible oil content of the copra meal residue

A

choke

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60
Q

dried coconut meat from which oil is extracted

A

copra

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61
Q

residue collected after extracting oil from milled copra

A

copra meal

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62
Q

freshly extracted coconut oil containing moisture, fiber, resins, colors, etc. from copra

A

crude oil

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63
Q

barrel or cage consists of a heavy cradle-type frame into which flat steel bars are set
edgewise around the periphery, therefore parallel to the worm shaft functioning as a
screen

A

expeller barrel

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64
Q

part of the oil expeller where the extraction process occurs

A

extraction chamber

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65
Q

motor-driven extrusion type machine capable of extracting crude oil from copra for use in
cooking, soapmaking, or as ingredient in other foods such as baked or fried goods

A

oil expeller

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66
Q

a kind of a screw which has the double task of conveying the raw material through the
pressure chamber formed by the barrel, and at the same time of exerting a pressure on it

A

worm shaft

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67
Q

ratio of the total weight of damaged parchment coffee to the total weight of sample,
expressed in percentage

A

mechanically damaged
parchment coffee

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68
Q

ratio of the total weight of the parchment coffee that comes out to the pulp discharge to
the total input weight of coffee cherry to the pulper, expressed in percentage

A

separation loss

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69
Q

ratio of total weight of parchment coffee collected at all outlets to the total coffee cherry
input to the machine, expressed in percentage

A

pulping efficiency

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70
Q

ratio between the total weight of parchment coffee collected at the main outlet to the
total weight of input coffee cherry to the machine, expressed in percentage

A

pulping recovery

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71
Q

ratio of the total weight of unpulped coffee cherry to the total input weight of coffee
cherry to the pulper, expressed in percentage

A

unpulped loss

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72
Q

ratio of the total weight of the parchment coffee that fell around the base of coffee
pulper to the total coffee cherry input to the machine, expressed in percentage by weight

A

scattering loss

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73
Q

machine to remove and separate the soft pulp of ripe coffee cherry without making any damage to the parchment coffee

A

coffee pulper

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74
Q

ripened fruits of coffee shrubs

A

coffee cherry

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75
Q

thread like component of rotating cylinder of the pulping chamber

A

flute

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76
Q

angle of inclination of the rubber coated flutes

A

flute inclination

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77
Q

process of removing and separating the skin and pulp of coffee cherry

A

pulping

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78
Q

slimy layer found between the pulp and adhering to the parchment

A

mucilage

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79
Q

endocarp of the coffee cherry, lies between the fleshy part (or pulp) of the cherry and
coffee bean

A

parchment

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80
Q

final output product when the coffee cherry has undergone pulping process

A

parchment coffee

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81
Q

part of machine where parchment coffee are collected

A

main parchment coffee
outlet

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82
Q

part of machine where pulps are collected

A

pulp outlet

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83
Q

red or green thin fleshy outer layer of the coffee cherry

A

pulp

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84
Q

cleaner that uses air to separate lower density material from the corn kernels/corn grits
such as floured corn, germ and bran

A

aspirator

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85
Q

ratio of the weight (kg) of the corn kernels, to its volume (m3)

A

bulk density

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86
Q

shelled corn kernels where the germ and pericarp have been removed

A

degerminated corn kenels

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87
Q

weight of the corn kernels fed into the corn mill per unit of time

A

feed rate

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88
Q

impurity; any matter which is not corn kernels/corn grits or fragment of corn kernels/corn grits sand, gravel, dirt, pebbles, stones, lumps of earth, clay, mud, weeds and other crop seeds

A

foreign matter

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89
Q

equipment with definite shaking motion used to sort the size of the milled materials using
standard screen sieves

A

laboratory sieve shaker

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90
Q

quantity of corn kernels that the corn mill can process to produce corn grits per unit of
time

A

milling capacity

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91
Q

auxiliary device of the corn mill that removes foreign material

A

precleaner

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92
Q

oscillating screen; wire mesh or perforated metal sheet, moving in back-and-forth
direction, permitting smaller particles to fall through the openings and larger particles to remain on top

A

sifter

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93
Q

“tahop”; coarse powder from outer covering of the corn kernel removed during the
milling process

A

bran

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94
Q

refers to corn grit # 20 and # 24, floured corn, germ and bran

A

by-product

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95
Q

ratio of the weight of by-products, to the total weight of corn kernel input, expressed in
percent

A

by-product recovery

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96
Q

shelled corn of either dent or flint varieties

A

corn kernels

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97
Q

milled corn kernels where the outer covering and germs have been removed and with
particle size of not less than 0.86 mm

A

corn grits

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98
Q

milled corn kernels with particle size between 1.8 mm to 2.0 mm

A

grit #10

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99
Q

milled corn kernels with particle size between 1.5 mm to 1.7 mm

A

grit #12

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100
Q

milled corn kernels with particle size between 1.2 mm to 1.4 mm

A

grit #14

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101
Q

milled corn kernels with particle size between 1.10 mm to 1.19 mm

A

grit #16

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102
Q

milled corn kernels with particle size between 0.86 mm to 1.09 mm

A

grit #18

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103
Q

rewetting of dried corn kernels to about 18% to 22% moisture content and tempering it to
make the pericarp and the germ more pliable and easier to remove

A

conditioning

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104
Q

equipment used to produce corn grits using the dry milling process

A

corn mill

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105
Q

machine used to remove the germ and pericarp from the corn kernel

A

degerminator

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106
Q

ratio of the weight of degerminated corn kernel sample, to the initial weight of the
sample, expressed in percent

A

degerminator efficiency

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107
Q

process of reducing the corn kernels into pieces of grits, germ and pericarp with or
without conditioning

A

dry milling

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108
Q

fines; “tiktik”; fine powder by-product of corn milling process

A

floured corn

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109
Q

“sungo”; embryo of the kernel removed during the degermination process

A

germ

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110
Q

corn grit by-product with particle size between 0.70 mm to 0.85 mm

A

grit #20

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111
Q

corn grit by-product with particle size smaller than 0.70 mm

A

grit #24

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112
Q

refers to corn grit # 10, #12, #14, #16, and # 18

A

main product

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113
Q

ratio of the weight of corn grits, to the total weight of corn kernel input, expressed in
percent

A

main product recovery

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114
Q

amount of moisture in the corn kernels expressed as percent of the total weight of the
sample, wet basis

A

moisture content

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115
Q

major component of the corn mill used to reduce corn kernels into corn grits.

A

roller mill

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116
Q

actual rate of being able to harvest corn in a given area per unit of time

A

actual field capacity

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117
Q

(Zea mays); cereal grass belonging to the Poaceae family

A

corn

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118
Q

fruit of the corn plant with husk

A

corn ear

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119
Q

machine attached to the side of tractor designed for picking corn

A

single-row side mounted corn picker

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120
Q

measures the ability of the corn picker to deliver the harvested corn ear to the collecting
bin

A

conveyance efficiency

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121
Q

ratio of the actual field capacity and theoretical field capacity, expressed in percent

A

field efficiency

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122
Q

measures the ability of the corn picker to harvest the corn ear from the corn stalk through
snapping and stripping action

A

picking efficiency

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123
Q

maximum yield per unit area

A

potential yield

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124
Q

computed rate of harvested corn in a given area per unit time

A

theoretical field
capacity

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125
Q

longitudinal dimension of a roll in right angle to the diameter

A

width

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126
Q

part of the corn picker that pulls the corn stalk downward thereby, stripping the corn ear
during operation

A

snapping rolls

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127
Q

direct the stalks of the corn plant to the snapping rolls

A

stalk guide rod

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128
Q

part of the corn picker that prevents the corn stalk from bending and separate the corn
ear from the stalk

A

stripper plate

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129
Q

type of fuel from living organisms such as plants, animals and their by-products

A

biomass fuel

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130
Q

total percent of ginger tea (instant “salabat”) loss based on the recovered product

A

cooking losses

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131
Q

quantity of juice that the crystallizer can cook per unit of time, expressed in kilogram per
hour

A

cooking rate

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132
Q

ratio between the total weight of recovered ginger tea (instant “salabat”) and the weight
of sugar added to the input juice, expressed in percentage

A

cooking recovery

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133
Q

principal factor which indicates the uniformity of ginger tea (instant “salabat”)

A

fineness modulus

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134
Q

refers to the physical and chemical properties of the product, instant “salabat”

A

ginger tea quality

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135
Q

weight of input juice per batch, expressed in kilogram

A

holding capacity

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136
Q

type of fuel used in cooking ginger juice

A

liquified petroleum gas

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137
Q

length of time measured from the time the burner is turned on until it is turned off

A

operating time

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138
Q

main source of heat used in cooking ginger juice

A

burner

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139
Q

machine that cooks ginger juice to produce ginger tea (instant “salabat”)

A

crystallizer

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140
Q

part of the crystallizer where ginger juice are being loaded for cooking operation

A

cooking basin

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141
Q

crystallized form of ginger from its juice

A

ginger tea (instant “salabat”)

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142
Q

component of the crystallizer that is used in stirring to attain the desired consistency of
the mixture to produce ginger tea (instant “salabat”)

A

paddle

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143
Q

volume of air in cubic meters delivered to the mass of dehusked corn per minute

A

airflow rate

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144
Q

corn kernels which are heat damaged, weather damaged, sprouted or distinctly damaged
by insects, water, fungi and/or any other means

A

damaged kernels

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145
Q

mean temperature of the air to be used for drying the dehusked corn, measured at a
number of points practicably as close to its entry to the drying bed

A

drying air temperature

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146
Q

maximum capacity that the dehusked corn dryer can dry to meet the desired moisture
content

A

drying capacity

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147
Q

total amount of fuel consumed divided by the total drying time, expressed in kg/h

A

fuel consumption

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148
Q

ratio of the average percent moisture content removed from the dehusked corn to drying
time, expressed in percent per hour

A

moisture reduction rate

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149
Q

pressure build-up in the plenum chamber to maintain uniform dustribution of air flow
through the dehusked corn mass, expressed in mmH2O

A

static pressure

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150
Q

ear corn; corn-on-cob; unshelled fruit of the corn plant where the husk has been removed
mechanically or manually

A

dehusked corn

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151
Q

refers to the leafy outer/protective covering of an ear of corn as it grows on the plant

A

husk

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152
Q

device for removing excess moisture from the ear of corn without husk, generally by
forced or natural convection with or without addition of heat

A

dehusked corn dryer

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153
Q

blower; air moving device that is used to force heated air through the mass of materials to
be dried at the desired air flow rate and pressure

A

fan

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154
Q

difference between the maximum and the minimum moisture content randomly sampled
after drying

A

moisture gradient

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155
Q

chamber wherein air pressure is developed for uniform distribution of the heated air
through the material to be dried

A

plenum

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156
Q

any device that is used to avoid human accident and/or damage to the parts and
components of the dryer during the operation and automatically shuts-off the operation
of the dryer in case of malfunction

A

safety device

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157
Q

part of the energy per unit time that is imparted by the fan to the air by increasing its total
pressure from the inlet to the outlet

A

air power

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158
Q

angle measured between the air inlet and the lower camber of the fan/blower

A

angle of attack

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159
Q

when the air flow/movement produces by fan/blower starts to reverse direction

A

back-flow

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160
Q

ratio between the hub diameter and the fan/blower wheel diameter

A

hub-tip ratio

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161
Q

ratio between the lift force and the drag force on fan/blower blades during operation

A

lift-drag ratio

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162
Q

tube that is being connected to a manometer and is being used to measure the static and
total force of air in the testing duct of fan/blower

A

pitot tube

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163
Q

part of the energy per unit time that is imparted by the fan/blower to the air in
overcoming static pressure from the inlet to the outlet

A

static air power

164
Q

conical structure or orifice rings that are being used at the end of testing duct of
fan/blower to enable variation in air volumetric flow rate

A

throttling device

165
Q

sum of the static and velocity pressure

A

total pressure

166
Q

point in the duct at which measurement using pitot tube shall be done

A

traverse point

167
Q

pressure along the line of the flow that result from the air flowing through the duct

A

velocity pressure

168
Q

shape of a wing or blade of a propeller, rotor, or turbine or sails as seen in cross section

A

airfoil

169
Q

asymmetry between the top and the bottom curves of an airfoil in cross-section

A

camber

170
Q

force cause by friction which slows down the movement of an object

A

drag

171
Q

structure mounted on the inlet and/or outlet part of fan/blower for safety purpose

A

fan/blower guard

172
Q

sum of all the forces on a body that force it to move perpendicular to the direction of flow

A

lift

173
Q

side of the fan/blower blade where the air comes in contact with at entry

A

leading edge

174
Q

side of the fan/blower blade that is usually pointed and where the deflection of air occurs

A

trailing edge

175
Q

rotating device with blades projecting from a hub

A

rotor

176
Q

any revolving vane or vanes used for producing currents of air

A

fan/blower wheel

177
Q

weight of feed ingredients fed into the feed mixer per unit time, expressed in kilogram per
hour.

A

mixing rate

178
Q

statistical representation of the precision of distribution of feed ingredients

A

coefficient of variation
of salt content

179
Q

mathematical average of the samples taken from the feed mixed

A

mean

180
Q

statistical measurement of dispersion or variation in distribution of feed ingredients

A

standard deviation

181
Q

meal type, pellets or crumble type of food that are mixed from various raw materials and
additive

A

feeds

182
Q

machine used to mix uniformly the feed ingredients

A

feed mixer

183
Q

statistical representation of the precision of distribution of feed ingredients

A

coefficient of variation

184
Q

the method or extent of extracting (by retting or decorticating) the fiber from the leaves

A

cleaning

185
Q

principal factor which determine the grade of a fiber

A

color

186
Q

distance between the outermost points along the cylinder base axis

A

cylinder length

187
Q

equivalent linear speed of the cylinder tip when running at normal operating speed

A

cylinder peripheral speed

188
Q

elasticity or stretch of a fiber before rupture

A

elongation

189
Q

distance between the scraper block/breaker block and blades in order to separate fiber
elements from the non-fiber elements of the plant

A

effective allowance

190
Q

outside diameter generated by the outermost point of the cylinder decorticating elements

A

effective cylinder
diameter

191
Q

ratio of the amount between the total weight of the fiber extracted to the total amount of
fiber content on a dry basis

A

extraction efficiency

192
Q

number of persons needed in the operation of the fiber decorticator

A

labor requirement

193
Q

properties of the fiber which deal with its anatomical characteristics such as length,
diameter, lumen and wall thickness

A

morphological properties

194
Q

dry weight of the fiber at 13-14% moisture content extracted per unit time*

A

output capacity

195
Q

inherent strength and behavior of fibers under applied force which determines the mechanical serviceability or usefulness in commerce such as tensile strength, cleaning and color

A

physical properties

196
Q

sum of the weights of collected decorticated fiber and all losses

A

total decorticating input

197
Q

slender and greatly elongated natural filament of fiber plant

A

fiber

198
Q

decorticator; mechanical device used for extracting fibers by crushing, beating and
scraping actions effected by the rotating cylinder with equally spaced blades and breaker
or scraper block

A

fiber decorticator

199
Q

breaker block; part of the decorticator where raw materials are beaten up and crushed

A

scraper block

200
Q

ratio of the weight of the fresh chopped materials collected at all outlets, to the total
fresh weight of the input of the chopper, expressed in percent

A

chopping efficiency

201
Q

any crop used as silage, soilage or animal feed, usually mixed with fermenting agents

A

forage

202
Q

part of the forage chopper where the forage to be chopped are loaded

A

feeding table

203
Q

type of forage chopper where the chopped materials are blown up through the blow-up
pipe

A

blow-up type

204
Q

knives on cylindrical mountings such that the cutting edges of the knives are essentially
parallel to the axis of rotation

A

cylinder cutterhead

205
Q

cylindrical roll generally with protrusions or flutes, used to gather, compress and advance
the crop into the cutterhead

A

feedroll

206
Q

knives mounted essentially radially with the cutting edges describing a plane
perpendicular to the axis of rotation

A

flywheel cutterhead

207
Q

machine used to cut the crop into short parallel lengths

A

forage chopper

208
Q

type of forage chopper where the chopped materials are dropped down to the bottom of
machine

A

let-fall type

209
Q

forage chopper which uses a feeding mechanism consisting of four or more feed rolls to partially orient and advance the crop at a consistent rate into the cutting mechanism

A

precision-cut forage
chopper

210
Q

forage chopper without a distinct feeding mechanism, usually employing flails to impactcut and chop crop directly into shorter pieces

A

random-cut forage
chopper

211
Q

forage chopper which uses a feeding mechanism consisting of two feed rolls, or other
means such as an auger, to advance the crop to the cutting mechanism

A

semi-precision-cut
forage chopper

212
Q

shear bar; fixed plate providing a stationary edge against which the cutterhead knives
shear the crop

A

stationary knife

213
Q

type of forage chopper where the chopped materials are thrown away to the front area of
the machine

A

throw-away type

214
Q

heat utilization efficiency; ratio of the total heat utilized to vaporize moisture in the
material, to the amount of heat added to the drying air, expressed in percent

A

drying efficiency

215
Q

amount of water removed per unit of time, expressed in kilogram per hour

A

drying rate

216
Q

ratio of the total heat utilized for drying, to the heat available in the fuel expressed in
percent

A

drying system efficiency

217
Q

total amount of heat utilized to vaporize moisture in the material, expressed in kJ/kg of
water

A

heat utilization

218
Q

ripened ovary or ovaries of a seed-bearing plant that are edible, usually sweet and in
fleshy form

A

fruit

219
Q

device for removing excess moisture from the fruits, generally by forced or natural
convection with or without addition of heat

A

fruit dryer

220
Q

ratio of vapor pressure of water in the product to the water vapor pressure of pure water
at the same temperature.

A

water activity

221
Q

device used for milling which consists of rotating hammer(s) and a heavy perforated
screen at the bottom

A

hammer mill

222
Q

ratio of the average size of input to the average size of the product

A

reduction ratio

223
Q

furnace efficiency; ratio of the heat supplied by the burner/furnace, to the heat released
by the fuel

A

burner efficiency

224
Q

ratio of the heat released by the fuel, to the theoretical heat available from the fuel

A

combustion efficiency

225
Q

source of energy which includes petroleum-based fuels such as kerosene, gasoline, diesel
oil and bunker fuel oil

A

conventional energy
source

226
Q

grains which are heat damaged, weather damaged, sprouted or distinctly damaged by
insects, water, fungi and/or any other means

A

damaged grains

227
Q

load capacity; continuous flow dryer: weight of grain in the dryer after a period of stable
operation batch type dryer: weight of grain required to fill the dryer at the input moisture
content

A

grain holding capacity

228
Q

palay which are light green and chalky with soft texture

A

immature grains

229
Q

source of energy that includes non-petroleum based fuels such as biomass and solar
energy

A

non-conventional
energy source

230
Q

ratio of the weight of grains that fell out from the machine during the drying operation, to
the weight of the total grain input to the dryer, expressed in percent

A

scattered grains

231
Q

temporarily holding the grain between the drying passes, allowing the moisture content in
the center of the grain and that on the surface of the grain to equalize

A

tempering

232
Q

mechanical grain dryer wherein the grain in fixed volume is held in the drying chamber in
batches until the grain reaches the desired moisture content

A

batch type

233
Q

shallow bed batch type dryer wherein a fixed volume of grain is held stationary in a
horizontal grain holding bin

A

flat bed type

234
Q

batch type dryer equipped to circulate and/or mixed fixed volume of grain during the
drying operation

A

recirculating type

235
Q

columnar type; batch type dryer wherein a fixed volume of grain is held stationary in a
vertical grain holding bin

A

vertical bin type

236
Q

dryer in which the material being dried moves through the drying chamber in a
substantially continuous stream and is discharged without being recirculated

A

continuous flow dryer

237
Q

parallel flow type; continuous flow dryer wherein the product being dried moves in the
same direction as drying air

A

concurrent flow type

238
Q

continuous flow dryer wherein the grain being dried move in one direction and the drying
air moves in the opposite direction

A

counter-flow type

239
Q

continuous flow dryer wherein the flow of air is transverse to the direction of flow of the
grain being dried

A

cross-flow type

240
Q

continuous flow dryer wherein the drying bin is similar to columnar drying bin except that
it includes louvers causing mixing to occur as the grain flows through the system

A

mixing type

241
Q

continuous flow dryer wherein the grains in the drying bin flows through the column in a
straight path

A

non-mixing type

242
Q

grains which show signs of fissures or fractures or splinters

A

cracked grain

243
Q

dryer in which the products of combustion come into direct contact with the product
being dried

A

direct fired dryer

244
Q

dryer in which the products of combustion do not come in contact with the products
being dried

A

indirect fired dryer

245
Q

device used to collect dust ( i.e. consist of aspiration fan, cyclone, etc.)

A

dust collecting system

246
Q

device for removing excess moisture from the grain, generally by forced or natural
convection with or without addition of heat

A

grain dryer

247
Q

grain or a fraction of grain with its length equal to or greater than eight-tenth (8/10) of
the average length of the whole grain

A

head rice

248
Q

device used to remove grain moisture by forcing heated air through the grain mass until
the desired moisture content is attained

A

heated-air mechanical
grain dryer

249
Q

mechanical grain dryer wherein grain is passed intermittently in cycles or stages through a
drying chamber either by mechanical means or by gravity with subsequent cooling and
tempering until the grain reaches the desired moisture content

A

multi-pass dryer

250
Q

the weight of the threshed grain collected from the main grain outlet per unit time

A

actual capacity

251
Q

threshed grain with 100% purity exclusive of the empty grains and other impurities

A

clean threshed grain

252
Q

clearance between cylinder threshing elements and concave component

A

concave clearance

253
Q

an iron grill frame partly surrounding the cylinder on which the threshing elements rubs,
shear and/or impact the cut plants

A

concave component

254
Q

the corrected capacity of the thresher at 20% grain moisture content (wet basis), grainstraw ratio of 0.55 and 100% purity

A

corrected capacity

255
Q

grain content; the ratio of the weight of the grains present in the panicles, to the total
weight of the grain and straw in the same sample

A

grain-straw ratio

256
Q

semi-circular shaped wire mesh or bar grate covering the lower portion of the threshing
chamber which causes the grains to separate from the panicles

A

lower concave

257
Q

the weight of the threshed grains collected at the grain outlet

A

threshing output

258
Q

sum of the weights of collected threshed grains and all threshing losses

A

total grain input

259
Q

a semi-circular shaped grate at the upper portion of the threshing cylinder with louvers
which assist threshing and axial movement of the straw

A

upper concave

260
Q

throw-in type of thresher which allows the cut plants to move in a helical manner around
the threshing cylinder with a net effect of moving the material axially between the feeding
and discharge outlets

A

axial flow thresher

261
Q

ratio of the weight of grains blown with the chaff by the thresher fan, to the weight of the
total grain input of the thresher, expressed in percent

A

blower loss

262
Q

empty grains and crushed straw being discharged from the threshing chamber

A

chaff

263
Q

concave component; iron grill frame partially or fully surrounding the cylinder on which
the threshing elements rubs, shear and/or impact the cut plants

A

concave grate

264
Q

type of thresher wherein the panicles of the cut plants are fed into the threshing chamber
while the stalks are mechanically or manually held during the threshing operation

A

hold-on thresher

265
Q

grains that were broken and/or dehulled (partially or fully) as a result of threshing
operation

A

mechanically damaged
grain

266
Q

machine used to detach and separate the palay from the panicles

A

mechanical rice thresher

267
Q

paddy; rice; rough rice; unhulled grain of Oryza sativa L., that is, grain with the hull/husk

A

palay

268
Q

type of threshing cylinder wherein spikes or pegs are attached on the periphery of the
cylinder in tandem or in helical arrangements

A

peg-tooth cylinder

269
Q

type of threshing cylinder wherein threshing is done between bar-like protrusions in
parallel orientation laid on the periphery of the cylinder and stationary bars built into or
attached to the concave grate

A

rasp-bar cylinder

270
Q

engine speed indicated in revolutions per minute (rpm) of the engine shaft as specified by
the engine manufacturer for operation at nominal continuous load

A

rated engine speed

271
Q

cut plants length measured from the point of cut to the tip of the panicle

A

straw length

272
Q

grains that are detached from the panicles by the thresher inclusive of mature, immature,
and damaged grains

A

threshed grain

273
Q

threshing chamber; part of the thresher where the grains are detached and separated
from the panicles

A

threshing unit

274
Q

threshing drum; part of the threshing unit that rotates about an axis and it is equipped
with either pegs, rasp bars, or wire loops on its periphery

A

threshing cylinder

275
Q

ratio of the weight of the threshed grains collected at all outlets, to the total grain input of
the thresher, expressed in percent

A

threshing efficiency

276
Q

attachments of the threshing cylinder such as pegtooth, wire-loop and rasp-bar that
detaches the grains from the panicles

A

threshing element

277
Q

ratio of the weight of the threshed grains collected at the main grain outlet, to the weight
of the total grain input of the thresher, expressed in percent

A

threshing recovery

278
Q

throw-in type of thresher wherein cut plants are fed between the rotating cylinder and
stationary concave and the threshed materials/straws are discharged out of the threshing chamber tangentially

A

through flow thresher

279
Q

type of thresher which detaches the grains by feeding the cut plants into the machine

A

throw-in thresher

280
Q

ratio of the weight of grains that remained in the panicles of the plants fed into the
threshing chamber, to the weight of total grain input of the thresher, expressed in percent

A

unthreshed loss

281
Q

type of threshing cylinder wherein wires of the same arc and size are attached on the
periphery of the cylinder in tandem arrangement with or without the threshing concave

A

wire-loop cylinder

282
Q

ongitudinal bran layers remaining in the dorsal grooves after milling

A

bran streaks

283
Q

“binlid”; small pieces or particles of grains that pass through a sieve with round
perforations of 1.4 mm in diameter

A

brewer’s rice

284
Q

extent or degree by which the bran layer and germ have been removed

A

milling degree

285
Q

rice grain from which the hull, the germ, and the bran layers have been completely
removed

A

overmilled rice

286
Q

rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layers and the greater part of the
inner bran layers have been removed but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layers
may still be present on 15% to 40% of the sample grains

A

regular milled rice

287
Q

rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layer, and the greater part of the
inner bran layer have been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layer
may still be present on more than 40 % of the sample grains

A

undermilled rice

288
Q

rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layers, and the greater part of the
inner bran layer have been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layers
may still be present on less than 15% of the sample grains

A

well-milled rice

289
Q

outer layer of the brown rice consisting of the aleurone cells covering the endosperm of
the rice grain*

A

bran

290
Q

grains that break in the process of milling which have a size of less than eight-tenth (8/10)
of the average length of whole grain

A

broken grains

291
Q

type of micromill with milling capacity of 50 kg/h to less than 100 kg/h

A

household model

292
Q

friction type rice mill performing simultaneous hulling and whitening operations and
having a milling capacity of 50-250 kg/h

A

micromill

293
Q

grains obtained after the removal of hull and bran

A

milled rice

294
Q

ratio of the weight of grains that do not break in the process of milling and with a size of
eight-tenth (8/10) or more of the whole grain to the total weight of milled rice, percent

A

percent head rice

295
Q

outermost rough covering of the palay grain (palea and lemma) consisting of the empty
glumes, floral glumes and awn

A

rice hull

296
Q

type of micromill with input capacity of 100-250 kg/h

A

village model

297
Q

method of grain moisture determination based on actual extraction of water either by
convection heating (oven method) or distillation

A

primary method

298
Q

method of grain moisture determination based on some characteristics of the grain
sample such as electrical resistance and capacitance which are related to moisture
content and must be periodically calibrated against an official primary method

A

secondary method

299
Q

quantity of juice that the extractor can obtain per unit of time, expressed in kilogram per
hour

A

extraction rate

300
Q

refers to the physical and chemical properties of juice extracted

A

juice quality

301
Q

ratio of the extracted juice and the total weight of the input crop, expressed in percent

A

juice recovery

302
Q

residues of the test materials after juice extraction

A

meal

303
Q

initial moisture content of the crop

A

potential juice content

304
Q

part of the multicrop juice extractor where juice extraction takes place

A

extracting chamber

305
Q

total amount of extracted juice collected based on the extraction losses, expressed in
percentage

A

extraction recovery

306
Q

aqueous liquid expressed or extracted from crops cells or tissues

A

juice

307
Q

machine capable of extracting the juice of different crops

A

multicrop juice extractor

308
Q

indicates the uniformity of grind in the resultant product

A

fineness

309
Q

time required to empty the hopper from full load per trial

A

input time

310
Q

ratio between the amount of acceptable ground/milled product and the total milling
recovery, expressed in percentage

A

milling efficiency

311
Q

ratio between the total amount of ground/milled product recovered and the total input materials, expressed in percentage

A

milling recovery

312
Q

refers to the fineness of the ground/milled product

A

quality

313
Q

free of openings that allow the entry or passage of moisture

A

sealed

314
Q

part of the machine where the ground/milled products are being discharged

A

collecting bin

315
Q

part of the machine (usually made of cheesecloth) where the small or powdered solids are being separated and protected from the air

A

cyclone

316
Q

finely ground or powdered foodstuffs from grains or other starchy plant foods used
mainly in baking

A

flour

317
Q

an ingredient (as condiment, spice or herb) added to food primarily to enhance its flavor

A

food seasoning

318
Q

part of the multicrop micromill where milling/grinding takes place

A

milling chamber

319
Q

machine that grinds dried product meal of various crops into finer particles suitable for
the purpose of food seasoning or as flour

A

multicrop micromill

320
Q

It consists of two roughed plates, one stationary and the other rotating. The material is
reduced by crushing and shears

A

attrition mill

321
Q

crop condition stored not more than 2 days after harvest

A

freshly harvested

322
Q

quantitative efficiency of the machine in cleaning and peeling crops, expressed in percent

A

machine efficiency

323
Q

materials that are damaged (i.e. bruises/scratched, broken, sliced, etc.) as a result of washing and peeling operation, expressed in percent

A

mechanically damaged
materials

324
Q

practically free from dirt, stains, other foreign materials or absence of caked dirt on the
rhizome or between segments of the rhizome and other crops

A

clean

325
Q

machine that peels outer skin, or cleans and removes undesirable debris of ginger
rhizomes, sweet potato, potato, arrow root, radish and carrot

A

multicrop washer-peeler

326
Q

horizontally elongated subterranean stem, which forms roots on the lower side and
shoots on the upper side of the nodes

A

rhizome

327
Q

washing-peeling capacity; the amount of washed and peeled crops per unit time during
the actual washing-peeling operation time, expressed in kilogram per hour

A

effective capacity

328
Q

a cylinder encased in a water container and rotating in a horizontal axis where crops are
being loaded for the washing and peeling operation

A

washing drum assembly

329
Q

cylindrical container that holds the water and washing drum assembly

A

water container

330
Q

kernel which shows signs of fissures or fractures

A

cracked kernel

331
Q

edible part of peanut

A

kernel

332
Q

ratio of the weight of kernel to the weight of the pod, expressed as percent

A

kernel-pod ratio

333
Q

outlet at which shelled kernel move out of the machine

A

main kernel outlet

334
Q

difference between the percent cracked kernel taken before and after the shelling
operation

A

net cracked kernel

335
Q

pod being left with kernels in it after shelling

A

partially-shelled pod

336
Q

unbroken shell with kernel inside

A

pod

337
Q

outlet at which shells come out of the machine in case of the machine with blower(s)

A

shell outlet

338
Q

shelled kernel received at all outlet with respect to the total kernel input expressed as
percentage by weight

A

shelling efficiency

339
Q

ratio of the weight of the kernel collected at the main kernel outlet to the total kernel
input expressed as percentage by weight

A

shelling recovery

340
Q

sum of the weight of kernel collected from the main kernel input and the clean kernel
from the blower loss, separation loss, unshelled loss and scattering loss

A

total kernel input

341
Q

ratio of the weight of the kernel that remained in the shell after feeding into the shelling
cylinder to the total kernel input expressed as percentage by weight

A

unshelled loss

342
Q

wholly or partially broken and insect-damaged kernel

A

damaged kernel

343
Q

machine used to remove kernels from the shell by breaking/splitting the pods

A

peanut sheller

344
Q

hull of the pod

A

shell

345
Q

whole and damaged kernels freed from shell

A

shell kernels

346
Q

unbroken and non-insect damaged kernel

A

whole kernel

347
Q

shelled kernel free from foreign matter

A

clean shelled kernel

348
Q

wire mesh or perforated sheet metal used to separate large and/or small particles

A

oscillating screen

349
Q

sum of blower, separation, unshelled and scattering losses in a sheller, expressed in
percent by weight

A

total losses

350
Q

type of shelling cylinder formed by a rolled metal sheet/plate or formed by longitudinal
bars adjacently arranged forming a continuous cylinder

A

closed-frame cylinder

351
Q

part of the ear corn where the kernels are attached

A

corn cob

352
Q

machine used to remove the husk of corn ear, detach, separate and clean the corn kernels
from the cobs in one operation

A

corn husker-sheller

353
Q

machine used to detach, separate and clean the corn kernels from the cobs

A

corn sheller

354
Q

type of shelling unit consisting of a cylinder with shelling elements such as knife bar or
pegtooth

A

cylinder-type

355
Q

kernels which show signs of fissures or fractures or splinters

A

cracked kernels

356
Q

type of shelling unit consisting of a vertical disc with spiked surface

A

disc-type

357
Q

dehusked corn; corn-in-cob; unshelled fruit of the corn plant where the husk has been
removed mechanically or manually

A

ear corn

358
Q

type of corn sheller wherein the ear corn are fed into shelling chamber by gravity

A

hopper-fed type

359
Q

ratio of the weight of the corn kernel present in the ear corn to the weight of the ear corn

A

kernel-ear corn ratio

360
Q

type of shelling cylinder where the shelling elements are attached to the equally spaced
longitudinal bars arranged cylindrically

A

open-frame cylinder

361
Q

shelling drum; part of the shelling unit that rotates about an axis and it is equipped with
pegs on its periphery

A

shelling cylinder

362
Q

type of corn sheller wherein the ear corn are fed into shelling chamber with the
application of external force

A

table-fed type

363
Q

kernels that remain in the cob after shelling

A

unshelled kernels

364
Q

cleaning fan; rotary device which produces a draught of air across the chaffer and cleaning
sieve(s) to blow away the materials or impurities lighter than grains

A

blower

365
Q

concave-shaped, stationary element adjacent to the threshing cylinder or threshing rotor,
fitted primarily to enhance threshing

A

concave

366
Q

auxiliary conveyor to assist in feeding the crop to the threshing cylinder

A

crop elevator

367
Q

device which carries the grains from grain auger to grain tank or bin

A

grain elevator

368
Q

loss classified according to source, including all field losses attributable to the machine

A

grain loss

369
Q

pan for collecting the clean grains after being passed through cleaning sieve(s) for conveying to grain auger

A

grain pan

370
Q

bin; tank used to hold the threshed grain

A

grain tank

371
Q

feed table; portion of the combine comprising the mechanism for gathering, and cutting,
stripping or picking the crop

A

header

372
Q

grains that have fallen to the ground due to the machine’s cutting operation

A

header loss

373
Q

revolving slats or arms with battens arranged parallel to the cutter bar to hold the crop
being cut by the knife and to push and guide it to a conveyor platform or feeder conveyor
auger

A

reel

374
Q

mobile grain-harvesting machine for cutting, picking, stripping or picking up crop,
threshing, separating, cleaning and conveying grain into a grain hopper and depositing
harvest residue onto the ground

A

rice combine

375
Q

shoe; oscillating structure which supports the cleaning sieve(s) and which may also
support the chaffer and the chaffer extension

A

shaker shoe

376
Q

assembly of two or more racks which agitates the straw and separates the remaining
grains from straw

A

straw walker

377
Q

rear beater; element placed on the rear side of the cylinder and above to rear ward of
concave or concave grate extension or transition grate to assist the deflection of straw on
straw walker

A

stripper beater

378
Q

auxiliary device used to separate stones from the palay and/or brown rice

A

destoner

379
Q

auxiliary device used to classify paddy based on length and thickness

A

paddy grader

380
Q

auxiliary device used to separate paddy from brown rice

A

paddy separator

381
Q

pearler; auxiliary device used to remove the remaining small bran particles on the milled
rice and gives it a glossy appearance

A

polisher

382
Q

auxiliary device used to remove foreign matter/impurities from the paddy before milling

A

pre-cleaner

383
Q

dehulled palay (husk/hull removed) with the bran layer still intact

A

brown rice

384
Q

measure of the ability of the machine to remove the hulls

A

coefficient of hulling

385
Q

measure of the ability of the machine to remove the hulls without breaking the grain

A

coefficient of wholeness

386
Q

dehuller; component of a rice mill that removes the hulls (palea and lemma) from the
grains

A

huller

387
Q

product of the coefficient of hulling and the coefficient of wholeness of grains, expressed
in percent

A

hulling efficiency

388
Q

ratio of the milling recovery obtained in actual testing, to the milling recovery obtained
from the laboratory test mill

A

milling recovery index

389
Q

rice mill that employs a series of two or more whitening machines

A

multi-pass rice mill

390
Q

ratio of the percent head rice obtained in actual testing, to the percent head rice obtained
from the laboratory test mill

A

percent head rice index

391
Q

type of rice mill having an under-runner stone disc huller and vertical cone whitener

A

cone “cono” type

392
Q

type of rice mill using rubber roll huller and utilizes friction and/or combination of other
types of whitener

A

rubber roll type

393
Q

rice mill that employs only one whitening machine

A

single-pass rice mill

394
Q

component of a rice mill that removes the bran layer in the brown rice

A

whitener

395
Q

type of whitening machine consisting of a cylinder or cone coated with abrasive material
such as emery stone or any similar materials enclosed in a perforated steel housing

A

abrasive type

396
Q

type of whitening machine consisting of a ribbed cylinder enclosed in a perforated steel
housing

A

friction type

397
Q

distance between two outermost divider tips

A

cutting width

398
Q

degree between the vertical line joining the center of the plant and the imaginary line
where the stalk lodges

A

lodging angle

399
Q

free grains that fall with the cut stalks during delivery and release at the side of the reaper
during operation

A

conveying loss

400
Q

machine that cuts and lays stalks of planted rice crop

A

rice reaper

401
Q

cutting mechanism consists of fixed lower knife and reciprocating upper knife wherein its
movement is controlled by the crank connected to the gear box or belt drive

A

reciprocating cutter
knife

402
Q

cutting mechanism consists of planetary type circular saw-toothed blade which rotates at
the same time with the pick-up triangular frame

A

rotary knife

403
Q

grain that breaks in the process of dehulling which has a size of less than eighth-tenth
(8/10) of the average length of the whole grain

A

broken brown rice

404
Q

cylinder where rubber is bonded

A

metal drum core

405
Q

component of rice mill made of rubber bonded to an inner metal drum core use for
hulling

A

rubber roll

406
Q

depth of the rubber bonded on the metal drum core

A

rubber thickness

407
Q

specified by the width, by the outside diameter and by the core diameter of the rubber
roll

A

size

PAES Terms (Full) (5 decks)

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