SL 7 Flashcards
Excitatory synapses
Membrane potential of post synaptic neuron is brought closer to threshold
Convergence of a signal
Multiple axons stimulate one nerve
Mechanism of neurotransmitter release
Calcium will bind to a protein that causes the snare complex to conformationally change and synaptic vesicles will release neurotransmitters
Ionotropic ion channels
Ion channels where neuron receptors directly affect ion influx
Metabotropic receptors
Neurotransmitters indirectly affect ion influx
Mechanism of removal for neurotransmitters in synaptic clef
- Reuptake by presynaptic axon terminal for reuse using active transport
- Transported to and degraded by nearby glial cells
- Diffusion away from receptor site
- Enzymatically transformed into inactive substances
Steps of a inhibitory chemical synapse
Receptors are activated by neurotransmitters and ion channels permeable to chloride open leading to hyper-polarization of post synaptic cell - IPSP
Calculation for change in membrane potential
EPSP- IPSP
Temporal summation
Action potentials are summed in the same area
Spatial activation
Potentials from different areas are summed up
Effect of botulism
Prevents release of ach due to destruction of snare proteins
Acetylcholine is released by
Cholinergic neurons
Main catecholamines
Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
Dopamine is synthesized in the
Hypothalamus
Norepinephrine is synthesized by
Brain stem and adrenal glands when acting as a hormone
Epinephrine is released form
Adrenal glands as a hormone
Glutamate
Most common excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS
Ionotropic receptors
AMPA and NMDA
Long term potentiation
Repeated stimulation across the snynaose causes lasting change in signalling stress
GABA
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
