SL 5-6 Flashcards
Divisions of the Afferent nervous system
Somatic sensory , visceral, special sensory
Divisions of efferent nervous system
Somatic motor, autonomic motor
Divisions of the autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric
Neurons respond to
Changes in membrane potential
Neuroglia cells
Non excitable cells that support neurons but are unable to trans,it electrical impulses
Neurotransmitter definition
Helps to transport electrochemical signals across a synapse
Dendrites
Receive incoming stimulus’s and transmit to soma
Soma
Cell body
Axon transmits information
Away from the soma
Axon terminal
End of axon that synapses with another cell to communicate info/ signal
Myelin
Fatty substance that spreads up transmission of impulses, present in central and peripheral nervous system
Interneurons
Connect neurons within the central nervous system
Efferent neurons
Carry info away from CNS towards effector cells
Afferent neurons
Carry information from tissues or organs towards CNS
Interneurons can connect what two systems
Central and peripheral
Nerves are simply
Bundles of axons
Neuronal synapses
Refers to the junction where one neuron alters the electrical and chemical activity of another neuron
Oligodenrocytes help form
Myelin sheath in CNS
Astrocytes
Anchors neurons to capillaries and regulates the extracellular fluid. Helps crate blood brain barrier
Ependymal cells
Regulates the production of cerebral spinal fluid that is a cushion for soft neural tissue
Microglia
Macrophage like cells that have immune and protective functions
What charge is the inside of the cell relative to the outside
Negative
What is the typical resting potential of a cell
-70 mv
At rest, the concentration of sodium is high in the
Outside of the cell
At rest, the concentration of potassium is high in
The inside of the cell
What type of channels are always open
Leaky ion
Ion movement depends on a balance between
Concentration potential and electrical potential
Equilibrium potential
The membrane potential when the concentration and electrical potential of an ion are on equal and opposite magnitude causing no net movement
What ion moves first during an action potential
Sodium
Sodium follows its ____ gradient whereas potassium follows its _____ gradient
Concentration, electrical
What pump maintains concentration gradient in neuron
Na+/k+-ATPase pump
Depolarizing the membrane means
The resting potential becomes less negative / moves closer to zero
Overshooting
Inside of the cell will become positive relative to the outside
Hyper-polarized
Potential difference is more negative then resting level
Gated ion channels open and close via
A response to a stimula
Voltage gated ion channels open and close via a
Change in membrane potential
Chemically gated channels open and close via the
Release or reuptake of a neurotransmitter
Changes in membrane potential that are isolated to a small area
Graded potentials
Action potentials often arise from
The summation of graded potentials reaching threshold
What ion follows a positive feedback loop
Sodium will continue to depolarize the cell
Potassium is an example of a ____ feedback loop
Negative
Receptor potentials
Produced at the peripheral endings of Afferent neurons in response to a stimulus
Synaptic potentials
Produced in post synaptic neuron in response to release of neuron transmitter by presynaptic neuron
