Skulls, sinuses and horns Flashcards
Where is the occipital bone?
The caudal aspect of both the cranial cavity and the skull as a whole.
Where is the temporal bone?
The caudolateral wall of the cranial cavity.
Where is the parietal bone?
Together with the frontal bone forms the roof of the cranial cavity in all domestic species. Except the ox and the pig.
Where is the frontal bone?
The rostral part of the roof of the cranial cavity in most domestic species. In the ox and pig, it forms the entire roof.
Where is the ethmoid bone?
Unpaired bone forming the rostral wall of the cranial cavity.
Where is the sphenoid bone?
Unpaired bone forming the floor of the cranial cavity.
Where are the nasal bones?
Along with the cranial part of the frontal bone form the osseous roof of the nasal cavity.
Where is the maxillary bone?
The lateral part of the face and the part of the hard palate holding the upper cheek teeth.
Where is the incisive bone?
The rostral bone holding the upper incisors.
Where is the palatine bone?
Forms the hard palate, along with the maxillary and incisive bones.
Where is the zygomatic bone?
The cranial part of the zygomatic arch.
Where is the lacrimal bone?
The medial surface of the orbit.
Where is the pterygoid bones?
Small, paired bones in the caudal part of the nasopharynx.
Where is the vomer bones?
The unpaired bone forming part of the osseous nasal septum.
Where is the mandibular bone?
The large bone articulating with the skull that supports all of the lower teeth.
Where does the hyoid apparatus articulate with the skull?
The petrosal portion of the temporal bone.
What type of joint is the mandibular symphysis?
Secondary cartilaginous joint.
What are the movements of the atlantooccipital joint?
- Flexion and extension.
- ‘Yes’ joint.
What are the movements of the atlantoaxial joint?
- Allows for rotation.
- ‘No’ joint.
Where do the frontal sinuses drain? What is the exception to this?
Drain into the back of the nasal cavity via ethmoidal meatuses.
Except from the horse, which drains into the caudal maxillary sinus.
Why is the pig a poor candidate for captive bolt stunning?
It has extensive frontal sinuses, so the bolt does not reach the brain to cause death.
Which species has the maxillary recess? What is it?
- Dog.
- It is the maxillary sinuses freely communicating to the nasal cavity.
What is the maxillary sinus set up in the horse?
- Caudal and rostral compartments.
- Drains into the nose via the naso-maxillary opening.
What is the consequence of a close relationship between the maxillary sinus and the cheek teeth?
It means that apical abscesses can invade the sinus. Sinus infections can invade the tooth root.
What are horns?
Permanent bone covered by horn that grow continuously.
What nerve is blocked when disbudding a calf?
- Cornual nerve. This is a branch of V2.
- Between lateral canthus of the eye and base of horn along temporal ridge.
- For larger horns also infiltrate local anaesthetic along caudal aspect of the horn to desensitise sub-cut branches of 2nd cervical nerve.
What nerve is blocked when dehorning goats?
- Block the cornual branch of zygomaticotemporal nerve. This is a branch of V2.
- Cornual branch of infra-trochlear nerve
