Skulls, sinuses and horns Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the occipital bone?

A

The caudal aspect of both the cranial cavity and the skull as a whole.

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2
Q

Where is the temporal bone?

A

The caudolateral wall of the cranial cavity.

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3
Q

Where is the parietal bone?

A

Together with the frontal bone forms the roof of the cranial cavity in all domestic species. Except the ox and the pig.

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4
Q

Where is the frontal bone?

A

The rostral part of the roof of the cranial cavity in most domestic species. In the ox and pig, it forms the entire roof.

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5
Q

Where is the ethmoid bone?

A

Unpaired bone forming the rostral wall of the cranial cavity.

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6
Q

Where is the sphenoid bone?

A

Unpaired bone forming the floor of the cranial cavity.

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7
Q

Where are the nasal bones?

A

Along with the cranial part of the frontal bone form the osseous roof of the nasal cavity.

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8
Q

Where is the maxillary bone?

A

The lateral part of the face and the part of the hard palate holding the upper cheek teeth.

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9
Q

Where is the incisive bone?

A

The rostral bone holding the upper incisors.

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10
Q

Where is the palatine bone?

A

Forms the hard palate, along with the maxillary and incisive bones.

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11
Q

Where is the zygomatic bone?

A

The cranial part of the zygomatic arch.

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12
Q

Where is the lacrimal bone?

A

The medial surface of the orbit.

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13
Q

Where is the pterygoid bones?

A

Small, paired bones in the caudal part of the nasopharynx.

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14
Q

Where is the vomer bones?

A

The unpaired bone forming part of the osseous nasal septum.

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15
Q

Where is the mandibular bone?

A

The large bone articulating with the skull that supports all of the lower teeth.

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16
Q

Where does the hyoid apparatus articulate with the skull?

A

The petrosal portion of the temporal bone.

17
Q

What type of joint is the mandibular symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous joint.

18
Q

What are the movements of the atlantooccipital joint?

A
  • Flexion and extension.

- ‘Yes’ joint.

19
Q

What are the movements of the atlantoaxial joint?

A
  • Allows for rotation.

- ‘No’ joint.

20
Q

Where do the frontal sinuses drain? What is the exception to this?

A

Drain into the back of the nasal cavity via ethmoidal meatuses.
Except from the horse, which drains into the caudal maxillary sinus.

21
Q

Why is the pig a poor candidate for captive bolt stunning?

A

It has extensive frontal sinuses, so the bolt does not reach the brain to cause death.

22
Q

Which species has the maxillary recess? What is it?

A
  • Dog.

- It is the maxillary sinuses freely communicating to the nasal cavity.

23
Q

What is the maxillary sinus set up in the horse?

A
  • Caudal and rostral compartments.

- Drains into the nose via the naso-maxillary opening.

24
Q

What is the consequence of a close relationship between the maxillary sinus and the cheek teeth?

A

It means that apical abscesses can invade the sinus. Sinus infections can invade the tooth root.

25
Q

What are horns?

A

Permanent bone covered by horn that grow continuously.

26
Q

What nerve is blocked when disbudding a calf?

A
  • Cornual nerve. This is a branch of V2.
  • Between lateral canthus of the eye and base of horn along temporal ridge.
  • For larger horns also infiltrate local anaesthetic along caudal aspect of the horn to desensitise sub-cut branches of 2nd cervical nerve.
27
Q

What nerve is blocked when dehorning goats?

A
  • Block the cornual branch of zygomaticotemporal nerve. This is a branch of V2.
  • Cornual branch of infra-trochlear nerve