Skull Osteology - Facial Bones Flashcards
Describe the facial skeleton?
- the 13 immovable facial bones
- the moveable mandible bone of the lower jaw form the face;
> they provide attachments for muscles of mastication & expression
Name the facial bones?
(2) Maxilla
(2) Zygomatic bones
(2) Lacrimal bones
(2) Palatine bones
(2) Nasal bones
(2) Inferior nasal conchae
(1) Vomer
(1) Mandible
What do the maxillary bones form?
- The upper jaw
- Hard palate
> Formed anteriorly by the fusing of the palatine processes & posteriorly by the palatine bones - Floor of the orbits
- Sides of the nasal cavity
- House the upper teeth
> Alveolar process – inferior part of each maxillary bone projects downward, holds upper teeth - Maxillary sinuses (largest sinuses in skull)
Describe the maxilla?
- The largest bones of the face, except for the mandible and form, the upper jaw.
- They hold the upper teeth, and connect on the left and right to the zygomatic bones (cheek bones).
- Each forms the boundaries of three cavities
> the roof of the mouth
> the floor and lateral wall of the nose
> the floor of the orbit
What are the landmarks of the Maxilla?
- Infra Orbital foramen - hole below the orbit, for blood vessels and nerves
- Alveolar process - arch of the maxilla containing the upper teeth
- Palatine process - horizontal projection of the maxilla forming the anterior ¾ of the hard palate
Describe the zygomatic bones?
It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face
- it forms the prominence of the cheek and part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit
Note: known as the cheekbone
Describe the articulation of the zygomatic bones?
It articulates with the zygomatic arch of the temporal bone
Describe the components of the ethmoid bone?
- Cribriform plates (hold it together)
- Perpendicular plate (goes downward into nasal cavity & forms nasal septum)
- Superior & middle nasal conchae — coils/folds of bone that project inward into nasal cavity
- Ethmoidal sinuses
- Crista galli — projects into cranial cavity; upward attachment for membranes around the brain
Note: the inferior nasal conchae — considered part of facial skeleton; they increase surface area in the nasal cavity
Describe the inferior nasal conchae?
- One of the 3 Nasal Conchae
- Form part of lateral walls of nasal cavity
- Warms air
Describe the location of the vomer bone?
Located in the midsagittal line, and touches the sphenoid, the
ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones
- One of the unpaired facial bones of the skull
Describe the lacrimal bones and what it contains?
- Smallest and most fragile bone of the face
- situated at the front part of the Medial of the orbit.
- Contains the lacrimal sac and the naso-lacrimal duct
The palatine bones contribute to the walls of which 3 cavities?
- the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity,
- the roof of the mouth
- the floor of the orbit
Describe the madible?
- Largest and strongest bone of the face.
- Forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place.
Describe the structure of the madible?
consists of a curved, horizontal portion, the body, and two perpendicular portions, the rami, which unite with the ends of the body nearly at right angles.
Describe the landmarks of the mandible?
- Body: curved horizontal portion of the mandible
- Rami: two upward projections of bone that are perpendicular to the body of the mandible.
- Angle of the mandible: angle formed where the body meets the ramus
- Condylar process: a condyle on the posterior portion of the ramus that articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.
- Coronoid process: a sharp projection of bone on the anterior portion of the ramus that acts as a point of muscle attachment.
- Alveolar process: arch of bone containing the lower teeth
- Mental foramen: small hole on the side of the body for blood vessels and nerves.
