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Head and Neck Anatomy > Anatomy of Salivary Gland, Tongue, Mouth and Palate > Flashcards

Anatomy of Salivary Gland, Tongue, Mouth and Palate Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mouth and its functions?

A

oral or buccal cavity
> Receives, masticates & swallows food
> Forms words in speech
> Passage of air - respiration

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2
Q

What is the pharynx and its function?

A

posterior to mouth
> common passage for respiratory & digestive systems

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3
Q

What lines both the mouth and pharynx?

A

lined with stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

What is the oral orifice?

A

opening of oral cavity

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5
Q

What are fauces?

A

opening between oral cavity & pharynx

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6
Q

What structures form the oral cavity?

A

cheeks, lips, hard + soft palates & tongue

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7
Q

What is the oral cavity divided into?

A

Vestibule & oral cavity proper

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8
Q

Describe the vestibule of the oral cavity?

A

space in oral cavity
> externally - cheeks & lips
> internally - gums (gingiva) & teeth

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9
Q

Describe the oral cavity proper of the oral cavity?

A

bounded by hard & soft palates, tongue & floor of mouth

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10
Q

What are the cheeks?

A

form lateral walls of oral cavity
> Ant. terminate in sup & inf lips surrounding oral orifice

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11
Q

Describe the histology of the cheeks?

A

Outer layers of skin
Subcutaneous fat
Facial muscles - manipulating food in oral cavity
Inner stratified squamous epithelium

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12
Q

What are the lips?

A

formed by orbicularis oris muscle

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13
Q

What is the labial frenulum of the lips?

A

midline fold of mucous membrane attaching each lip from its inner surface to gum

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14
Q

What is the vermillion of the oral cavity?

A

transition zone betwn outer skin & mucous membrane of oral cavity

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15
Q

What is the tongue?

A
  • Mass of skeletal muscle projecting into oral cavity
    > mucous membrane covers it
  • V apex points post at foramen cecum
    > remnant of opening of thyroglossal duct
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16
Q

What is the sulcus terminalis of the tongue?

A

divides tongue into:
anterior ⅔
> lie in oral cavity
posterior 1/3
> lie in pharynx & attached to hyoid

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the lingual tonsils?

A

tongue base

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18
Q

What are the functions of the tongue?

A
  1. Mastication
  2. Swallowing
  3. Sensing food tastes using taste buds
    > sweetness - apex (tip)
    > saltiness - lateral margins
    > sourness & bitterness - posterior part
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19
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  1. genioglossus
  2. hyoglossus
  3. styloglossus
  4. palatoglossus
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20
Q

Describe the genioglossus muscle of the tongue?

A

Origin: Superior part of mental spine of mandible
Insertion: Dorsum of tongue and body of hyoid bone
Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Main function: Depresses tongue; its posterior part pulis tonque anteriorly for protrusion

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21
Q

Describe the hyoglossus muscle of the tongue?

A

Body and greater horn of hyold bone
Side and inferior aspect of tonque
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Depresses and retracts tongue

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22
Q

Describe the styloglossus of the tongue?

A

Stylold process and stylohyoid ligament
Side and inferior aspect of tonque
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Retracts tonque and draws it up to create a trough for swallowing

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23
Q

Describe the palatoglossus muscle of the tongue?

A

Palatine aponeurosis of soft palate
Side of tongue
Cranial root of CN XI via pharyngeal branch of CN X and pharyngeal plexus
Elevates posterior part of longue

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24
Q

Name the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  1. superior longitudinal
  2. inferior longitudinal
  3. transverse
  4. vertical
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25
Q

Describe the superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue?

A

Submucous fibrous lavor and median fibrous septum
Margins of tongue and mucous membrane
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Curis tip and sides of tongue superiorty and shortens tongue

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26
Q

Describe the inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue?

A

Root of tongue and body of hyoid bone
Apex of tongue
Hypoglossal nerve CN XII
Curls tip of tongue inferiorly and shortens tongue

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27
Q

Describe the transverse muscle of the tongue?

A

Median fibrous septum
Fibrous tissue at margins of tongue
Hypoglossal nerve CN XII
Narrows and elongates tongue

28
Q

Describe the vertical muscle of the tongue?

A

Superior surface of borders of tonque
Inferior surface of borders of the tonque
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Flattens and broadens the tongue’

29
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the tongue?

A

Dorsal lingual artery
Deep lingual artery
Sublingual artery

30
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the tongue?

A

Dorsal lingual vein
Deep lingual vein
Sublingual vein

31
Q

Describe the innervation of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Internal laryngeal nerve
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
Vagus nerve and its branches

32
Q

What can cause paralysis of the XII cranial nerve?

A

fracture of the occipital condyle
tumor near the hypoglossal canal

33
Q

What is the consequence of the paralysis of the XII Cranial nerve?

A

The tongue will deviate towards the side of a peripheral lesion

34
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the tongue?

A

Deep cervical
submandibular
submental lymph nodes

35
Q

What are tongue papillae and their function?

A

Numerous small elevations on dorsal surface of tongue
> Help in handling food
> Contain taste buds

36
Q

What are the types of papillae?

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Vallate (Circumvallate)
Foliate

37
Q

Describe filiform papillae of the tongue?

A

Smallest & most numerous
Conical projections of CT - tapered tips
Covered with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Distribute on entire ant dorsal surface

38
Q

Describe fungifrom papillae?

A

Mushroom-shaped projections
scattered among filiform papillae
More numerous near tip of tongue
Has taste buds on dorsal surface

39
Q

Describe circumvallate papillae of the tongue?

A

Large & few
Arranged in a V-shape ant to sulcus terminalis
Surrounded by invaginations
Lined by stratified squamous epith
Has numerous taste buds

40
Q

Describe foliate papillae of the tongue?

A

Has parallel ridges
Separated by deep mucosa clefts
Located on lateral edge of tongue
Has many taste buds
Serous glands empty into clefts

41
Q

What is the palate of the oral cavity?

A

Roof of oral cavity consisting of:
Bony hard palate ant
Soft palate post

42
Q

Describe the hard palate?

A
  • made of maxillae & palatine bones
  • contain Palatal rugae
    > transverse ridges on mucous membrane
43
Q

Describe the soft palate?

A

muscular arch with mucous membrane
> contains the uvula

44
Q

What is the uvula?

A
  • cone-shaped projection from middle lower border of soft palate
    > Prevents food from entering nasal cavity when swallowing
  • Two muscular folds extend downwards from both sides of base of uvula:
    > Glossopalatine arch - ant fold
    > Pharyngopalatine arch - post fold
  • Palatine tonsil between 2 arches
45
Q

Name the muscles of the palate?

A

Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus uvulae

46
Q

Describe the blood supply and innervation of the palate?

A
  1. Arterial supply - greater palatine artery, lesser palatine artery
  2. Venous drainage - tributaries of pterygoid venous plexus
  3. Nerve supply - greater palatine nerves, nasopalatine nerve, lesser palatine nerve
47
Q

What is acute tonsillitis and its treatment?

A

Inflammation of tonsils
- tonsillectomy

48
Q

Describe a common palate anomaly?

A

Cleft palate - associated with cleft lip
> failure of mesenchymal masses in the lateral processes to fuse - neural crest cells implicated

49
Q

Name the mucosa of the oral cavity?

A

Masticatory mucosa
Lining mucosa
Specialized mucosa

50
Q

Describe the location and histology of masticatory mucosa?

A
  • Found on
    > Gum or gingiva
    > hard palate
  • Has keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
51
Q

Describe the location and histology of lining mucosa?

A
  • Has thicker nonkeratinised stratified squamous epithelium
  • Found in:
    > Lips & cheeks
    > floor of mouth
    > inf surfaces of tongue
    > soft palate
52
Q

Describe location and histology of specialized mucosa?

A
  • Restricted to dorsal surface of tongue
  • Has papillae & taste buds
53
Q

Function of salivary glands?

A

Produce saliva
water, proteins (enzymes & antibodies) & electrolytes

54
Q

Name major salivary glands (paired)?

A

Parotid gland (para - beside, otos - ear)
submandibular gland
Sublingual gland

55
Q

Name minor salivary glands?

A

buccal glands
> Location - submucosa of different parts of oral cavity

56
Q

Describe the parotid gland?

A

Subcutaneous; over masseter muscle
Has parotid (Stensen’s duct)
Enter oral cavity lat to upper 2nd molar

57
Q

Describe the submandibular gland?

A

Inf to base of tongue
Has submandibular (Wharton’s duct)
Enters oral cavity lat to lingual frenulum

58
Q

Describe the sublingual gland?

A

Ant to submandibular; under tongue
Has several small ducts (Rivinus’s ducts)
Enter oral cavity along base of tongue

59
Q

Name the 4 structures embedded within the parotid gland?

A
  1. facial nerve with its branches
  2. retromandibular vein
  3. external carotid artery and its branches
  4. parotid lymph nodes
60
Q

Describe the submandibular gland?

A

• It is one of the major salivary glands
•• It is a compound tubulo-alveolar gland
• Consists of serous, mucuous & mixed secreting end-pieces (acini)
• Acinus: blindsac composed of secretory cells; Note: myoepithelial cells - contractile cells
• The majority of the end-pieces of this gland are serous in nature

61
Q

Describe the secreting end piece of the submandibular gland?

A

• Serous acini: contain serous cells; generally spherical; protein secreting.
• Mucous acini: contain mucous cells;
generally more tubular; mucin secreting.
• Mixed acini: both serous & mucous cells; mucous acini have a cap of serous cells.
Such caps are called serous demilunes.

62
Q

Describe the submandibular duct system?

A

Three types
1. Intercalated duct - intralobular
- Leads from the acinus
- low cuboidal epithelial cells
2. Striated duct - intralobular
- presence of striations; infoldings of basal cell membrane of columnar cells forming the duct
- Simple cuboidal to low columnar
3. Excretory duct - interlobular & interlobar
- Larger ducts that empty into the oral cavity
- Pseudostratified columnar to stratified columnar

63
Q

What is parotiditis?

A

> inflammation of parotid gland
Mumps: acute viral infection - enlargement of salivary glands

64
Q

When do you excise the submandibular gland?

A

Because of a tumor in its duct

65
Q

What are tonsils?

A

• Aggregations of
• lymphatic nodules located post to oral cavity
• Examples
> palatine tonsils
> lingual tonsil

Head and Neck Anatomy (37 decks)

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