Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head and Neck Anatomy > Pharyngeal Arches, Pouches and Cysts > Flashcards

Pharyngeal Arches, Pouches and Cysts Flashcards

1
Q

When do the pharyngeal arches begin developing?

A

4th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Most skeletal and connective tissues of head and neck are made of?

A

neural crest cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

How are the pharyngeal arches numbered?

A

cranial > caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the pharyngeal system?

A

6 pairs of pharyngeal arches separated by endodermally lined pouches and ectodermally lined clefts (grooves)
> Four well-defined pairs visible externally
> Fifth and sixth rudimentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Each pharyngeal arch consists of?

A

nerve
artery
cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the 3 components which make up the pharyngeal arches and what each component forms?

A
  1. ectoderm > pharyngeal grooves
  2. mesoderm > pharyngeal arches
  3. endoderm > pharyngeal pouches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many pharyngeal arches develop in an embryo?

A

5
> 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which pharyngeal arch does not give rise to any derivatives?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

At what stage of development does the tongue develop?

A

4th week of intrauterine life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

From which pharyngeal arch does the anterior two-thirds of the tongue develop?

A

1st pharyngeal arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which pharyngeal arches are responsible for the formation of the posterior third of the tongue?

A

3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is derived from the first pharyngeal arch?

A
  1. Prominences
    - maxilla & mandible bones
    - zygomatic bone
  2. Cartilage (meckel’s cartilage)
    - malleus & incus
    - anterior ligament of malleus
    - sphenomandibular ligament
  3. Muscles (of mastication)
    - temporalis
    - masseter
    - pterygoids
    - mylohyoid
    - tensor tympani
  4. Nerve
    - Mandibular branch of CV 5 (Trigeminal nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which pharyngeal arches are responsible for the formation of the 3 bony ossicles of the ear?

A
  1. malleus + incus > pharyngeal arch I
  2. stapes > pharyngeal arch II
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is derived from the first pharyngeal pouch?

A
  1. Eustachian tube
  2. tympanic membrane
  3. Temporal bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is derived from the first pharyngeal groove?

A

Develops into the external acoustic meatus
> The remaining grooves disappear and form cervical sinus
> May form and abnormal lateral cervical cyst or fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is derived from the second pharyngeal arch?

A
  1. Reichert’s cartilage
    - stapes
    - the upper body & lesser cornu of hyoid bone
    - the styloid process of temporal bone
    - stylohyoid ligament.
  2. Muscles
    - platysma
    - muscles of facial expression
    - stylohyoid
    - stapedius
  3. Nerve
    - CV 7 (Facial nerve)
  4. Artery
    - stapedial artery
15
Q

What is derived from the second pharyngeal pouch?

A

Lymphatic nodules - palatine tonsils

16
Q

What does the tubotympanic recess contribute to?

A

Eustachian tube

17
Q

What is derived from the third pharyngeal arch?

A
  1. Cartilage
    - forms lower body of hyoid & greater cornu of hyoid bone.
  2. Muscles
    - stylopharyngeus
    - superior & middle pharyngeal constrictors
  3. Nerve
    - CN 9 (Glossopharyngeal nerve)
  4. Artery
    - common carotid & proximal portions of the internal & external carotid.
18
Q

What is derived from the third branchial pouch?

A
  1. Inferior parathyroids
  2. Thymus gland
18
Q

What doe the fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches form together?

A

Fourth & sixth pharyngeal arch cartilages fuse to form the laryngeal cartilages

19
Q

What is derived from the fourth pharyngeal arch?

A
  1. Muscles
    - cricothyroid
    - inferior pharyngeal constrictors
  2. Nerve
    - Superior Laryngeal branch of Vagus nerve
  3. Artery
    - Right Subclavian
    - Aortic arch
20
Q

What is derived from the fourth pharyngeal pouch?

A
  1. superior parathyoid glands
  2. parafollicular thyroid cells (ultimobranchial body)
21
Q

What is derived from the fifth pharyngeal arch?

A

has no derivatives
> is rudimentary if present

22
Q

What is derived from the sixth pharyngeal arch?

A
  1. Muscles
    - remaining intrinsic laryngeal musculature
  2. Nerve
    - Recurrent laryngeal nerve branch of Vagus nerve
  3. Artery
    - Pulmonary Artery & ductus arteriosus
23
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the first branch?

A

trigeminal nerve

24
Q

Which nerve innervates the second arch?

A

facial nerve

25
Q

Which nerve innervates the third arch?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

26
Q

Which nerve innervates the fourth and sixth arches?

A

vagus nerve

27
Q

Which cranial nerves innervate muscles derived from preotic somites?

A

oculomotor
trochlear
abducents

28
Q

Which nerve innervates muscles derived from occipital somites?

A

hypoglossal nerve

29
Q

Describe branchial cysts?

A

Develop along anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Most found inferior to angle of mandible
Often present in adulthood
Remnants of cervical sinus and/or second pharyngeal groove

30
Q

Describe branchial vestiges?

A

Cartilaginous or bony remnants
Usually anterior to inferior third of sternocleidomastoid

31
Q

Describe first arch syndrome?

A

results in various congenital anomalies of eyes, ear, mandible, palate
- migration of neural crest cells into first pharyngeal arch implicated

32
Q

What are the 2 main manifestations of first arch syndrome?

A
  1. Treacher Collins syndrome
    - Underdevelopment of zygomatic bones of face, defects of lower eyelids, external ear deformations
  2. Pierre Robin syndrome
    - Hypoplasia of the mandible, cleft palate & eye and ear defects present
33
Q

What does first branchial arch syndrome look like on a person?

A
  • The right corner of the mouth is extended in a cleftlike fashion
  • The right auricle is severely deformed and the external acoustic meatus is absent
34
Q

Describe the embryology of the thyroid gland?

A

Endoderm of the floor primitive pharynx between 1st & 2nd arches
Descends as a bilobed diverticulum from foramen cecum around the 4th week to rest in the neck region by 7-8th wk.

Head and Neck Anatomy (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions