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Gross Anatomy > Skull Foramina > Flashcards

Skull Foramina Flashcards

1
Q

what bone has an opening in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

ethmoid bone

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2
Q

what openings are in the ethmoid bone?

A

cribriform plate, anterior ethmoidal foramen, posterior ethmoidal foramen

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3
Q

what does the cribriform plate transmit?

A

olfactory nerves (CN I)

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4
Q

what does the anterior ethmoidal foramen transmit?

A

anterior ethmoidal nerve (nasociliary nerve branch) and vessels (ophthalmic artery and vein)

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5
Q

what does the posterior ethmoidal foramen transmit?

A

posterior ethmoidal nerve (nasociliary nerve branch) and vessels (ophthalmic artery and vein)

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6
Q

what bones have openings in the middle cranial fossa?

A

sphenoid bone, temporal

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7
Q

what openings are in the sphenoid bone?

A

optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum

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8
Q

what does the optic canal transmit?

A

optic nerve (CN II), ophthalmic artery

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9
Q

what does the superior orbital fissure transmit?

A

oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), abducens nerve (CN VI), branches of ophthalmic division of trigeminal (CN V1) (nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal nerve), superior ophthalmic vein

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10
Q

what does the foramen rotundum transmit?

A

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (CN V2)

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11
Q

what does the foramen ovale transmit?

A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) and motor root of trigeminal nerve

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12
Q

what does the foramen spinosum transmit?

A

middle meningeal artery (branch of maxillary artery), nervus spinosus (meningeal branch of V3)

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13
Q

what openings are in the temporal bone within the middle cranial fossa?

A

carotid canal, hiatus of facial canal, hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve

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14
Q

what does the carotid canal transmit?

A

internal carotid artery, internal carotid plexus (postganglionic sympathetic axons from superior cervical ganglion)

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15
Q

what does the hiatus of facial canal transmit?

A

greater petrosal nerve (VII)

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16
Q

what does the hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve transmit?

A

lesser petrosal nerve (IX)… duhhhh

17
Q

what opening is at the juncture between the sphenoid, temporal, and occipital bones?

A

foramen lacerum

18
Q

describe the foramen lacerum and what does the foramen lacerum transmit?

A

crossed by internal carotid artery, greater and deep petrosal nerve

a canal about 1 cm in length; inferior aperture closed in life by cartilage

carotid canal opens into laverum posterolaterally; pterygoid and internal carotid plexus cross the width of the foramen

greater petrosal nerve (from VII) and deep petrosal nerve (from carotid plexus) unite in lacerum to form nerve of pterygoid canal

19
Q

what bones have openings in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

temporal bone, occipital bone

20
Q

what opening is in the temporal bone within the posterior cranial fossa?

A

internal auditory meatus

21
Q

what does the internal auditory meatus transmit?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), facial nerve (CN VII), labyrinthine artery

22
Q

what opening is at the juncture between the temporal and occipital bones?

A

jugular foramen

23
Q

what does the jugular foramen transmit?

A

anterior compartment: inferior petrosal sinus
intermediate compartment: glossopharyngeal nerve (IX, vagus nerve (X), spinal accessory nerve (XI)
posterior compartment: sigmoid sinus

24
Q

what openings are in the occipital bone?

A

hypoglossal canal, foramen magnum

25
Q

what does the hypoglossal canal transmit?

A

hypoglossal nerve (XII)

26
Q

what does the foramen magnum transmit?

A

spinal cord, vertebral arteries, spinal roots of both accessory (XI) nerves

27
Q

at the base of the skull in the temporal bone what openings are there?

A

stylomastoid foramen, petrotympanic fissure

28
Q

what does the stylomastoid foramen transmit?

A

facial nerve (VII)

29
Q

what does the petrotympanic fissure transmit?

A

chorda tympani nerve of CN VII (facial)

30
Q

what opening is in the frontal bone and what does it transmit?

A

supraorbital foramen

supraorbital nerve (V1)
supraorbital artery and vein
31
Q

what openings are in the maxilla?

A

infraorbital foramen
incisive foramen
pterygomaxillary fissure

32
Q

what does the infraorbital foramen transmit?

A 
infraorbital nerve (V2)
infraorbital artery and vein
33
Q

what does the incisive foramen transmit?

A

nasopalatine nerve and artery

34
Q

what does the pterygomaxillary fissure transmit?

A

posterior superior alveolar nerve (V2), maxillary artery

35
Q

what opening is at the junction between perpendicular process of palatine and sphenoid bone?

A

sphenopalatine foramen

36
Q

what does the sphenopalatine foramen transmit?

A

nasopalatine nerve (V2), sphenopalatine artery and vein

37
Q

what openings are in the palatine bone and what do they transmit?

A

greater palatine foramen: greater palatine nerve (V2), greater palatine artery and vein
lesser palatine foramen: lesser palatine nerve (V2), lesser palatine artery and vein

38
Q

what openings are in the mandible and what do they transmit?

A

mandibular foramen: inferior alveolar nerve (V3), inferior alveolar artery and vein
mental foramen: mental nerve (V3), mental artery and vein

Gross Anatomy (20 decks)

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