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Gross Anatomy > Arm Muscles > Flashcards

Arm Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what elevates the scapula at the pectoral girdle?

A

levator scapulae, trapezius (upper part)

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2
Q

what is the action and innervation of the levator scapulae?

A

elevation and downward/medial rotation (during adduction) of scapula

dorsal scapular (C4, 5)

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3
Q

what is the action and innervation of the trapezius muscle?

A

upper part: scapular elevation and upward/lateral rotation during abduction
middle part: scapular retraction
lower part: scapular depression and upward/lateral rotation during abduction

accessory nerve (CXI from C1-5)

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4
Q

what muscles depress the scapula at the pectoral girdle?

A

pectoralis minor, lower part of trapezius, latissimus dorsi

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5
Q

what is the action and innervation of the pectoralis minor?

A

protracts the scapula, depresses the scapula, stabilizes the scapula against the thoracic wall

medial pectoral (C7, C8)… lateral pectoral innervates the clavicular head (C5-7)

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6
Q

what is the action and innervation of the latissimus dorsi?

A

powerful adduction, extension, and medial rotation of the arm and depression of the scapula

thoracodorsal (C6-8)

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7
Q

what muscles protract the scapula?

A

serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

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8
Q

what is the action and innervation of the serratus anterior?

A

protracts and laterally rotates scapula (during abduction) and stabilizes the medial border of the scapula against the thoracic wall

long thoracic (C5-7)

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9
Q

what muscles retract the scapula?

A

rhomboid major and minor, trapezius middle fibers

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10
Q

what is the action and innervation of the rhomboids?

A

scapula retraction and medially rotate scapula in adduction

dorsal scapular (C5)

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11
Q

what muscles laterally rotate the scapula (in abduction)?

A

serratus anterior (lower half), trapezius upper and lower parts

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12
Q

what muscles medially rotate the scapula (in adduction)?

A

rhomboid major and minor and levator scapulae

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13
Q

what muscles flex the humerus?

A

pectoralis minor (clavicular head), deltoid (clavicular part), biceps (short head), coracobrachialis

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14
Q

what is the action and innervation of the deltoid?

A

clavicular part: flexes humerus, medially rotates scapula in adduction
posterior fibers: extend humerus, laterally rotate scapula in abduction
middle fibers: abduct humerus

(flex, extend or abduct the arm)

axillary nerve (C5-7)

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15
Q

what is the action and innervation of the biceps brachii?

A

flexion of the arm, flexion and supination at the elbow joint

musculocutaneous nerve

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16
Q

what is the action and innervation of the coracobrachalis?

A

flexion of the arm

musculocutaneous nerve

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17
Q

what muscles extend the humerus?

A

deltoid (posterior fibers), latissimus dorsi, teres minor

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18
Q

what is the action and innervation of the teres major?

A

medially rotates and adducts the arm, stabilizes shhoulder joint

lower subscapular nerve (C5-6)

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19
Q

what muscles abduct the humerus?

A

deltoid (middle fibers), supraspinatus

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20
Q

what is the action and innervation of the supraspinatus?

A

abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joints

suprascapular nerve

(SITS and AEI)

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21
Q

what muscles adduct the humerus?

A

pectoralis major (sternocostal part), latissimus dorsi, teres major

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22
Q

what is the action and innervation of the pectoralis major?

A

laterally rotates and protracts the scapula, can adduct the humerus at the sternocostal part

long thoracic nerve, medial and lateral pectoral

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23
Q

what muscles laterally rotate scapula to allow abduction of the humerus?

A

deltoid (posterior fiber), infraspinatus, teres minor

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24
Q

what is the action and innervation of the infraspinatus?

A

laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

suprascapular nerve (C5,6)

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25
Q

what is the action and innervation of the teres minor?

A

laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

axillary nerve (C5, 6)

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26
Q

what muscles medially rotate scapula to allow adduction of the humerus?

A

pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid (clavicular part), teres major, subscapularis

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27
Q

what is the action and innervation of the subscapularis?

A

medially rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, 6)

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28
Q

what muscles flex the ulna and radius?

A

brachialis, biceps brachii, brachioradialis

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29
Q

what is the action and innervation of the brachialis?

A

flexes elbow

musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6) , small supply from radial (C7)

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30
Q

what is the action and innervation of the biceps brachii?

A

supinates forearm, flexes elbow, weakly flexes shoulder

musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)

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31
Q

what is the action and innervation of the brachioradialis?

A

flexes the arm at the elbow and brings forearm into mid-prone position

radial nerve (C5, 6)

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32
Q

what muscles extend the ulna and radius?

A

triceps brachii

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33
Q

what is the action and innervation of the triceps brachii?

A

posterior compartment muscle; major extensor of the arm and forearm

long head stabilizes shoulder joint, medial head retracts capsule of elbow joint on extension

radial nerve (C7,8)

34
Q

what muscles pronate the arm (radius over ulna)?

A

*palm down

pronator teres, pronator quadratus

35
Q

what is the action and innervation of the pronator teres?

A

pronates arm and flexes elbow

median nerve (C6, 7)

36
Q

what is the action and innervation of the pronator quadratus?

A

pronates forearm and maintains ulna and radius opposed

anterior interosseous nerve (C8) from median nerve

37
Q

what muscles supinate the arm (radius returns to anatomic position)?

A

supinator, biceps brachii

38
Q

what is the action and innervation of the supinator?

A

supinates the forearm (only acts alone when elbow is extended)

posterior interosseous nerve (deep branch of radial nerve)

39
Q

what muscles flex the hand at the wrist?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis

40
Q

what is the action and innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

flexes and adducts wrist; fixes pisiform during action of hypothenar muscles

ulnar nerve (C8)

41
Q

what is the action and innervation of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

flexes and abducts the wrist

median nerve (C6,7)

42
Q

what muscles extend the hand at the wrist?

A

extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor radialis brevis

43
Q

what is the action and innervation of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

extends and adducts the hand at the wrist

posterior interosseous (from deep branch of radial nerve)

44
Q

what is the action and innervation of the extensor radialis longus?

A

extends and abducts hand at wrist

radial nerve

45
Q

what is the action and innervation of the extensor radialis brevis?

A

extends and abducts hand at wrist

posterior interosseous (from deep branch of radial nerve)

46
Q

what muscles abduct/radially deviate the hand at the wrist?

A

extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis, flexor carpi radialis

47
Q

what muscles adduct/ulnar deviate the hand at the wrist?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris

48
Q

what muscles flex the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

lumbricals, interossei

49
Q

what are the actions and innervations of the lumbricals?

A

lumbricals have origins from flexor digitorum muscles

  • 1st and 2nd attach to index and middle finger and are innervated by the median nerve
  • 3rd and 4th attach to ring and little finger and are innervated by the ulnar nerve

lumbricals pass anterior to MP joint and flex there, but insert into expanded part of extensor digitorum tendon so extend at proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

50
Q

what is the action and innervation of the interossei muscles?

A

4 dorsal: abduct fingers at MP joints
3 palmar: adduct index, ring, and little finger

(*DAB PAD)

all interossei innervated by deep branch ulnar nerve

51
Q

does the thumb need its own palmar interossei? dorsal interrossei?

A

no because it has its own adductor pollicis and abductor pollicis longus/brevis

52
Q

does the little finger need its own dorsal interossei?

A

no because it has its own abductor digiti minimi

53
Q

why does the middle finger not have its own palmar interossei?

A

origin of adduction is from the middle finger, so it cannot adduct from itself therefore doesn’t need its own palmar interossei muscle

54
Q

what muscles flex the MP of the little finger?

A

flexor digiti minimi

55
Q

what is the action and innervation of the flexor digiti minimi?

A

flexes MP of little finger

deep branch of ulnar nerve

56
Q

what muscles flex at the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers?

A

flexor digitorum superificialis, lumbricals

57
Q

what is the action and innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

flexes PIP joints and secondarily MP joints and wrist

median nerve

58
Q

what muscles flex at the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers?

A

flexor digitorum profundus

59
Q

what is the action and innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

flexes DIP joints and secondarily flexes PIP, MP, and wrist

to index and middle: median (anterior interosseous nerve)
to ring and little: deep branch of ulnar

60
Q

what muscles extend fingers at MP joint?

A

extensor digitorum

61
Q

what muscles extend index finger?

A

extensor indicis

62
Q

what muscles extend little finger?

A

extensor digiti minimi

63
Q

what muscles extend fingers at IP joints?

A

lumbricals and interossei

64
Q

what is the action and innervation of the extensor digitorum?

A

extends all joints of fingers

posterior interrossei (deep radial branch)

65
Q

what is the action and innervation of the extensor indicis?

A

extends all joints of index finger

posterior interossei (deep radial branch)

66
Q

what is the action and innervation of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

extends all joints of the little finger

posterior interossei (deep radial branch)

67
Q

what muscles abduct at the MP joints?

A

dorsal interossei and abductor digiti minimi

68
Q

what is the action and innveration of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

abducts little finger at MP joint

deep branch of ulnar nerve

69
Q

what muscles adduct at MP joints of all fingers, except middle?

A

palmar interossei

70
Q

what muscles oppose the little finger?

A

opponens digiti minimi

71
Q

what are the actions and innervations of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

opposes (flexes and laterally rotates) carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the little finger

deep branch of ulnar nerve

72
Q

what muscles flex all joints of thumb, especially IP joint? what is its innervation?

A

flexor pollicis longus

median (anterior interosseous)

73
Q

what muscles flex thumb at MP joint? what is its innervation?

A

flexor pollicis brevis

median (recurrent branch)

74
Q

what muscles extend thumb at all joints? what is its innervation?

A

extensor pollicis longus

deep radial branch

75
Q

what muscles extend thumb at MP joint? what is its innervation?

A

extensor pollicis brevis

deep radial branch

76
Q

what muscles abduct the thumb? what are its innervations?

A

abductor pollicis longus: deep branch of radial nerve

abductor pollicis brevis: medial (recurrent branch)

77
Q

what muscles adduct the thumb? what is its innervation?

A

adductor pollicis

ulnar (deep branch)

78
Q

what muscle opposes the thumb? what is its innervation?

A

opponens pollicis

median (recurrent branch)

79
Q

the intrinsic muscles of the hand are all innervated by the __ nerve except the three thenar muscles and two lateral lumbricals, which are innervated by the __ nerve.

A

ulnar nerve

median nerve

80
Q

what are the muscles of the thenar compartment? what is their innervation?

A

abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis

“OAF”

recurrent branch of median nerve

81
Q

what are the muscles of the hypothenar compartment? what is their innervation?

A

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi

“OAF”

deep branch of ulnar nerve

Gross Anatomy (20 decks)

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