Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gross Anatomy > Leg Muscles > Flashcards

Leg Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the flexors of the femur/thigh (at hip joint)?

A

illacus and psoas major, rectus femoris, sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, pectineus, adductor longus and brevis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the extensors of the femur/thigh?

A

gluteus maximus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris (long head), adductor magnus (ischial part)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the adductors of the femur/thigh?

A

adductors longus, brevis, and magnus, gracilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the abductors of the femur/thigh?

A

gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fasciae latae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the medial rotators of the femur?

A

gluteus minimus, gluteus medius (anterior fibers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the lateral rotators of the femur?

A

gluteus maximus, sartorius, obturator internus, superior gemellus, obturator externus, quadratus femoris, inferior gemellus, piriformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the action and innervation of the gluteus maximus?

A

extends and laterally rotates the hip; maintains knee extension via the iliotibial tract

inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

*think walking up stairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the action and innervation of the gluteus medius?

A

abducts and medially rotates hip (inserts on posterolateral surface of greater trocanter of femur); tilts and stabilizes pelvis on one side while opposite side is off ground while walking

superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the action and innervation of the gluteus minimus?

A

abducts and medially rotates hip. Even more important for stabilizing pelvis

superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of gait can result by lesion to the superior gluteal nerve? What muscles are involved?

A

Trendelenburg gait pattern- the weakened abductor muscles allow the pelvis to tilt down on the opposite side

caused by weakness of the abductor muscles of the lower limb, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the action and innervation of the tensor fascia lata?

A

maintains knee extension (thus assisting the gluteus maximus) and abducts the hip

inserts into the iliotibial tract

superior gluteal nerve (L4, 5, S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the action and innervation of the piriformis?

A

laterally rotates and stabilizes the hip

inserts medial aspect of greater trocanter of femur

anterior primary rami of S1, S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the action and innervation of the superior gemellus?

A

laterally rotates and stabilizes the hip

inserts medial aspect of greater trocanter of femur

nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the action and innervation of the obturator internus?

A

laterally rotates and stabilizes the hip

inserts medial aspect of greater trocanter of femur

nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the action and innervation of the inferior gemellus?

A

laterally rotates and stabilizes the hip

inserts medial aspect of greater trocanter of femur

nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the action and innervation of the quadratus femoris?

A

laterally rotates and stabilizes the hip

nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What muscles make up the hamstring?

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosis, semimembranosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What innervates the muscles of the hamstring?

A

all except the short head of the biceps are innervated by the tibial nerve

short head of the biceps is innervated by the common fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does the long head of the biceps femoris cross as compared to the short head?

A

long head crosses both the hip and the knee joint while the short head only crosses the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the action and innervation of the biceps femoris?

A

Flexes and laterally rotates the knee; Long head will extend the hip

Inserts at styloid process of fibular head, lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle

Long head: tibial portion of sciatic nerve
Short head: common peroneal/fibular portion of sciatic nerve
(both L5, S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the action and innervation of the semitendinosis?

A

flexes and medially rotates the knee. Extends hip.

inserts at upper medial shaft of tibia

tibial potion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the action and innervation of the semimembranosus?

A

flexes and medially rotates the knee. extends hip

inserts at the medial condyle of the tibia and fascia over popliteus and oblique popliteal ligament

tibial portion of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which of the hamstrings muscles is the most medial? most lateral?

A

semimembranosus is most medial and biceps femoris is most lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what two muscles of the body have tendons that enter a joint?

A

semimembranosus inserts into capsule around knee joint

biceps brachiii at elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the flexors of the tibia and fibula (at the knee)?
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris (long head and short head), gracilis, sartorius, politeus, gastrocnemius
26
What are the extensors of the tibia and fibula?
quadriceps femoris
27
what muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?
vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermediua, rectus femoris
28
what is the only muscle of the quadriceps femoris to cross both the hip joint and the knee joint?
rectus femoris
29
What are the lateral rotators of the tibia and fibula?
gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, tensor fasciae latae
30
What are the medial rotators of the tibia and fibula?
popliteus (unlocks extended knee), semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius
31
what is the action and innervation of the psoas major?
flexes and laterally rotates the hip inserts at lesser trocanter of femur anterior primary rami of L1, L2
32
what is the action and innervation of the rectus femoris?
extends leg at knee, flexes thigh at hip inserts as quadriceps tendon to patella via ligamentum patellae into tuberacle of tibia posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, L4)
33
what is the action and innervation of the vastus lateralis?
extends knee posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, L4)
34
what is the action and innervation of the vastus medialis?
extends knee, stabilizes patella posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, L4)
35
what is the action and innervation of the vastus intermedius?
extends knee posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, L4)
36
what is the action and innervation of the iliacus?
flexes and medially rotates hip inserts at lesser trocanter of femur femoral nerve in abdomen (L2, L3)
37
what is the action and innervation of the sartorius?
flexes, abducts, laterally rotates at the hip. flexes, medially rotates leg at knee origin is below ASIS and insertion is at shaft of tibia on upper medial surface anterior division of femoral nerve (L3, L4)
38
what is the action and innervation of the pectineus?
flexes, adducts, and medially rotates hip anterior division of femoral nerve (L2, L3) (occasionally from obturator)
39
all the anterior thigh muscles are innervated by the __, except the __, which is innervated by the __
femoral nerve psoas major anterior rami of L1 and L2
40
what is the femoral triangle?
subfascial space in superior part of anterior thigh bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament, medially by adductor longus, and laterally by sartorius contain femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, deep inguinal lymph nodes and vessels (lateral to medial NAVL)
41
what is the adductor canal/adductor hiatus?
extends from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus (to posterior thigh) in tendon of adductor magnus muscles passage for femoral artery and vein (to popliteal fossa to become popliteal vessels), saphenous nerve and nerve to vastus medialis bounded anteriorly and laterally by the vastus medialis, posteriorly by the adductor longus and magnus, and medially by the sartorious
42
what is the longest muscle in the body?
sartorius
43
what is the action and innervation of the adductor longus?
adducts and medially rotates thip anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, L3)
44
what is the action and innervation of the adductor brevis?
adducts hip... slightly flexes thigh anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, L3)
45
what is the action and innervation of the adductor magnus?
TWO PORTIONS adductor portion: adducts and medially rotates the hip; posterior division of obturator nerve (L2-L4); inserts at lower gluteal line and linea aspera hamstring portion: extends hip; tibial portion of sciatic (L4-S3); inserts at adductor tuberacle
46
what is the action and innervation of the gracilis muscle?
adducts the hip; flexes knee and medially rotates flexed knee anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, L3)
47
what is the action and innervation of the obturator externus?
laterally rotates hip, and steadies head of femur in the acetabulum posterior division of the obturator nerve (L2-L4)
48
all muscles of the medial thigh are innervated by the __, except the __, which is innervated by the __
obturator nerve hamstring portion of the adductor magnus tibial part of the sciatic nerve
49
what are the plantar flexors of the foot?
gastrocnemius, soleus,. plantaris, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
50
what nerve is responsible for innervating the plantar flexor muscles of the foot?
tibial
51
what are the dorsiflexors of the foot?
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus
52
what nerve is responsible for innervating the dorsi flexor muscles of the foot?
deep peroneal
53
what is the action and innervation of tibialis anterior?
dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint and inverts deep peroneal/fibular
54
what is the action and innervation of the extensor digitorum longus?
extends lateral digits 2-4 and dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint deep peroneal/fibular
55
what is the action and innervation of the extensor hallucis longus?
extends the great toe and dorsiflexes the foot deep peroneal/fibular
56
what is the action and innervation of the fibularis/peroneus tertius muscle?
some dorsiflexion and everts the foot deep peroneal/fibular
57
what is the action and innervation of the gastrocnemius muscle?
plantarflexes the foot and flexes the knee tibial nerve
58
what is the action and innervation of the plantaris muscle?
plantarflexes the foot and flexes the knee tibial nerve *similar to palmaris longus is that it is sometimes absent in people
59
what is the action and innervation of the soleus muscle?
plantarflexes the foot tibial nerve
60
what is the common tendon of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles?
calcaneal tendon
61
what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg? what are they innervated by? what is their blood supply?
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius deep fibular/peroneal nerve anterior tibial artery
62
what are the muscles of the superior posterior compartment of the leg? what are they innervated by? what is their blood supply?
gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus tibial nerve posterior tibial, fibular, popliteal arteries
63
what are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg? what are they innervated by? what is their blood supply?
popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior tibial nerve posterior tibial, fibular, popliteal arteries
64
what is the action and innervation of the popliteus muscle?
unlocks the knee joint (laterally rotates the femur on a fixed tibia) for flexion tibial nerve
65
what is the action and innervation of the flexor hallucis longus?
flexes the great toe tibial nerve
66
what is the action and innervation of the flexor digitorum longus?
flexes digits 2-5 tibial nerve
67
what is the action and innervation of the tibialis posterior?
inverts and plantar flexes the foot, providing support to the medial arch of the foot during walking tibial nerve
68
what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg? what are they innervated by? what is their blood supply?
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis superficial fibular nerve anterior tibial and fibular arteries
69
what is the action and innervation of the fibularis/peroneus longus?
everts the foot, some plantarflexion superficial fibular nerve
70
what is the action and innervation of the fibularis/peroneus brevis?
everts the foot, some plantarflexion superficial peroneal nerve
71
what muscles invert the foot?
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior
72
what muscles evert the foot?
peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius
73
what muscles flex the great toe?
flexor hallucis longus and brevis
74
what muscles flex toes 2-5 at the distal interphalangeal joint?
flexor digitorum longus
75
what muscles flex toes 2-5 at the proximal interphalangeal joints?
flexor digitorum brevis
76
what muscles flex toes 2-5 at the metatarsophalangeal joints?
lumbrical I, lumbricals II, III, IV, interossei
77
what muscles flex toe 5 primarily?
flexor digiti minimi brevis
78
what muscles extend the great toe?
extensor hallucis longus and brevis
79
what muscles extend toes 2-4?
extensor digitorum longus and brevis
80
what muscles extend toes 2-5 at the interphalangeal joints?
lumbricals
81
what muscles abduct the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint?
abductor hallucis
82
what muscles abduct toes 2-4 at the metatarsophalangeal joints?
dorsal interossei
83
what muscles abduct toe 5 at the metatarsophalangeal joints?
abductor digiti minimi
84
what muscles adduct the great toe?
adductor hallucis
85
what muscles adduct toes 3-5?
plantar interossei
86
what is different about the dorsal aspect of the foot in comparison to the plantar aspect of the foot in regards to muscles?
dorsal aspect is a continuation of the anterior aspect of the leg
87
what are the muscles of the first layer of the plantar foot?
abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis (abductor, flexor, abductor)
88
what is the action and innervation of the abductor digiti minimi?
abducts and flexes toe 5 lateral plantar
89
what is the action and innervation of the flexor digitorum brevis?
flexes the lateral 4 digits medial plantar nerve
90
what is the action and innervation of the abductor hallucis?
abducts and flexes the great toe medial plantar nerve
91
what is innervated by the medial plantar nerve?
flexor digitorum brevis, flexor digitorum hallucis brevis, abductor hallucis, first lumbrical (lateral plantar nerve will do the rest of the intrinsic muscles of the plantar foot)
92
what are the muscles of the second layer of the plantar foot?
lumbricals and quadratus plantae
93
what is the action and innervation of the lumbricals?
flex proximal phalanges, but extend the middle and distal phalanges because they insert on the dorsal digital expansions of toes 2-5 first lumbrical to toe 2 innervated by medial plantar, remaining lumbricals innervated by lateral plantar to toes 3-5
94
what is the action and innervation of the quadratus plantae?
assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing the lateral 4 toes straightens tendon of the FD longus lateral plantar nerve
95
what muscles are in the 3rd layer of the plantar foot?
flexor digiti minimi brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis (flexor, adductor, flexor)
96
what is the action and innervation of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
flexes the proximal phalanx of toe 5 lateral plantar nerve
97
what is the action and innervation of the flexor hallucis brevis?
flexes the proximal phalanx of the great toe medial plantar nerve
98
what is the action and innervation of the adductor hallucis?
adducts the great toe lateral plantar nerve
99
what muscles are in the 4th layer of the plantar foot?
plantar interossei, dorsal interossei
100
what is the action and innervation of the plantar interossei?
adducts digits 3-5 and flexes the matatarsophalangeal joints of digits 3-5 lateral plantar
101
what is the action and innervation of the dorsal interossei?
abducts digits 2-4 and flexes the metatarsophalangeal joints lateral plantar

Gross Anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions