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Gross Anatomy > Leg Muscles > Flashcards

Leg Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the flexors of the femur/thigh (at hip joint)?

A

illacus and psoas major, rectus femoris, sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, pectineus, adductor longus and brevis

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2
Q

What are the extensors of the femur/thigh?

A

gluteus maximus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris (long head), adductor magnus (ischial part)

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3
Q

What are the adductors of the femur/thigh?

A

adductors longus, brevis, and magnus, gracilis

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4
Q

What are the abductors of the femur/thigh?

A

gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fasciae latae

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5
Q

What are the medial rotators of the femur?

A

gluteus minimus, gluteus medius (anterior fibers)

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6
Q

What are the lateral rotators of the femur?

A

gluteus maximus, sartorius, obturator internus, superior gemellus, obturator externus, quadratus femoris, inferior gemellus, piriformis

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7
Q

What is the action and innervation of the gluteus maximus?

A

extends and laterally rotates the hip; maintains knee extension via the iliotibial tract

inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

*think walking up stairs

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8
Q

What is the action and innervation of the gluteus medius?

A

abducts and medially rotates hip (inserts on posterolateral surface of greater trocanter of femur); tilts and stabilizes pelvis on one side while opposite side is off ground while walking

superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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9
Q

What is the action and innervation of the gluteus minimus?

A

abducts and medially rotates hip. Even more important for stabilizing pelvis

superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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10
Q

What type of gait can result by lesion to the superior gluteal nerve? What muscles are involved?

A

Trendelenburg gait pattern- the weakened abductor muscles allow the pelvis to tilt down on the opposite side

caused by weakness of the abductor muscles of the lower limb, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

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11
Q

What is the action and innervation of the tensor fascia lata?

A

maintains knee extension (thus assisting the gluteus maximus) and abducts the hip

inserts into the iliotibial tract

superior gluteal nerve (L4, 5, S1)

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12
Q

What is the action and innervation of the piriformis?

A

laterally rotates and stabilizes the hip

inserts medial aspect of greater trocanter of femur

anterior primary rami of S1, S2

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13
Q

What is the action and innervation of the superior gemellus?

A

laterally rotates and stabilizes the hip

inserts medial aspect of greater trocanter of femur

nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

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14
Q

What is the action and innervation of the obturator internus?

A

laterally rotates and stabilizes the hip

inserts medial aspect of greater trocanter of femur

nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

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15
Q

What is the action and innervation of the inferior gemellus?

A

laterally rotates and stabilizes the hip

inserts medial aspect of greater trocanter of femur

nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)

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16
Q

What is the action and innervation of the quadratus femoris?

A

laterally rotates and stabilizes the hip

nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)

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17
Q

What muscles make up the hamstring?

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosis, semimembranosus

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18
Q

What innervates the muscles of the hamstring?

A

all except the short head of the biceps are innervated by the tibial nerve

short head of the biceps is innervated by the common fibular nerve

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19
Q

Where does the long head of the biceps femoris cross as compared to the short head?

A

long head crosses both the hip and the knee joint while the short head only crosses the knee joint

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20
Q

What is the action and innervation of the biceps femoris?

A

Flexes and laterally rotates the knee; Long head will extend the hip

Inserts at styloid process of fibular head, lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle

Long head: tibial portion of sciatic nerve
Short head: common peroneal/fibular portion of sciatic nerve
(both L5, S1)

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21
Q

What is the action and innervation of the semitendinosis?

A

flexes and medially rotates the knee. Extends hip.

inserts at upper medial shaft of tibia

tibial potion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1)

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22
Q

What is the action and innervation of the semimembranosus?

A

flexes and medially rotates the knee. extends hip

inserts at the medial condyle of the tibia and fascia over popliteus and oblique popliteal ligament

tibial portion of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1)

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23
Q

which of the hamstrings muscles is the most medial? most lateral?

A

semimembranosus is most medial and biceps femoris is most lateral

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24
Q

what two muscles of the body have tendons that enter a joint?

A

semimembranosus inserts into capsule around knee joint

biceps brachiii at elbow

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25
Q

What are the flexors of the tibia and fibula (at the knee)?

A

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris (long head and short head), gracilis, sartorius, politeus, gastrocnemius

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26
Q

What are the extensors of the tibia and fibula?

A

quadriceps femoris

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27
Q

what muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?

A

vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermediua, rectus femoris

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28
Q

what is the only muscle of the quadriceps femoris to cross both the hip joint and the knee joint?

A

rectus femoris

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29
Q

What are the lateral rotators of the tibia and fibula?

A

gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, tensor fasciae latae

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30
Q

What are the medial rotators of the tibia and fibula?

A

popliteus (unlocks extended knee), semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius

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31
Q

what is the action and innervation of the psoas major?

A

flexes and laterally rotates the hip

inserts at lesser trocanter of femur

anterior primary rami of L1, L2

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32
Q

what is the action and innervation of the rectus femoris?

A

extends leg at knee, flexes thigh at hip

inserts as quadriceps tendon to patella via ligamentum patellae into tuberacle of tibia

posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, L4)

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33
Q

what is the action and innervation of the vastus lateralis?

A

extends knee

posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, L4)

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34
Q

what is the action and innervation of the vastus medialis?

A

extends knee, stabilizes patella

posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, L4)

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35
Q

what is the action and innervation of the vastus intermedius?

A

extends knee

posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, L4)

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36
Q

what is the action and innervation of the iliacus?

A

flexes and medially rotates hip

inserts at lesser trocanter of femur

femoral nerve in abdomen (L2, L3)

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37
Q

what is the action and innervation of the sartorius?

A

flexes, abducts, laterally rotates at the hip. flexes, medially rotates leg at knee

origin is below ASIS and insertion is at shaft of tibia on upper medial surface

anterior division of femoral nerve (L3, L4)

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38
Q

what is the action and innervation of the pectineus?

A

flexes, adducts, and medially rotates hip

anterior division of femoral nerve (L2, L3) (occasionally from obturator)

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39
Q

all the anterior thigh muscles are innervated by the __, except the __, which is innervated by the __

A

femoral nerve
psoas major
anterior rami of L1 and L2

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40
Q

what is the femoral triangle?

A

subfascial space in superior part of anterior thigh bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament, medially by adductor longus, and laterally by sartorius

contain femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, deep inguinal lymph nodes and vessels (lateral to medial NAVL)

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41
Q

what is the adductor canal/adductor hiatus?

A

extends from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus (to posterior thigh) in tendon of adductor magnus muscles

passage for femoral artery and vein (to popliteal fossa to become popliteal vessels), saphenous nerve and nerve to vastus medialis

bounded anteriorly and laterally by the vastus medialis, posteriorly by the adductor longus and magnus, and medially by the sartorious

42
Q

what is the longest muscle in the body?

A

sartorius

43
Q

what is the action and innervation of the adductor longus?

A

adducts and medially rotates thip

anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, L3)

44
Q

what is the action and innervation of the adductor brevis?

A

adducts hip… slightly flexes thigh

anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, L3)

45
Q

what is the action and innervation of the adductor magnus?

A

TWO PORTIONS

adductor portion: adducts and medially rotates the hip; posterior division of obturator nerve (L2-L4); inserts at lower gluteal line and linea aspera

hamstring portion: extends hip; tibial portion of sciatic (L4-S3); inserts at adductor tuberacle

46
Q

what is the action and innervation of the gracilis muscle?

A

adducts the hip; flexes knee and medially rotates flexed knee

anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, L3)

47
Q

what is the action and innervation of the obturator externus?

A

laterally rotates hip, and steadies head of femur in the acetabulum

posterior division of the obturator nerve (L2-L4)

48
Q

all muscles of the medial thigh are innervated by the __, except the __, which is innervated by the __

A

obturator nerve
hamstring portion of the adductor magnus
tibial part of the sciatic nerve

49
Q

what are the plantar flexors of the foot?

A

gastrocnemius, soleus,. plantaris, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

50
Q

what nerve is responsible for innervating the plantar flexor muscles of the foot?

A

tibial

51
Q

what are the dorsiflexors of the foot?

A

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus

52
Q

what nerve is responsible for innervating the dorsi flexor muscles of the foot?

A

deep peroneal

53
Q

what is the action and innervation of tibialis anterior?

A

dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint and inverts

deep peroneal/fibular

54
Q

what is the action and innervation of the extensor digitorum longus?

A

extends lateral digits 2-4 and dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint

deep peroneal/fibular

55
Q

what is the action and innervation of the extensor hallucis longus?

A

extends the great toe and dorsiflexes the foot

deep peroneal/fibular

56
Q

what is the action and innervation of the fibularis/peroneus tertius muscle?

A

some dorsiflexion and everts the foot

deep peroneal/fibular

57
Q

what is the action and innervation of the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

plantarflexes the foot and flexes the knee

tibial nerve

58
Q

what is the action and innervation of the plantaris muscle?

A

plantarflexes the foot and flexes the knee

tibial nerve

*similar to palmaris longus is that it is sometimes absent in people

59
Q

what is the action and innervation of the soleus muscle?

A

plantarflexes the foot

tibial nerve

60
Q

what is the common tendon of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles?

A

calcaneal tendon

61
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg? what are they innervated by? what is their blood supply?

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius

deep fibular/peroneal nerve
anterior tibial artery

62
Q

what are the muscles of the superior posterior compartment of the leg? what are they innervated by? what is their blood supply?

A

gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus

tibial nerve
posterior tibial, fibular, popliteal arteries

63
Q

what are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg? what are they innervated by? what is their blood supply?

A

popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

tibial nerve
posterior tibial, fibular, popliteal arteries

64
Q

what is the action and innervation of the popliteus muscle?

A

unlocks the knee joint (laterally rotates the femur on a fixed tibia) for flexion

tibial nerve

65
Q

what is the action and innervation of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

flexes the great toe

tibial nerve

66
Q

what is the action and innervation of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

flexes digits 2-5

tibial nerve

67
Q

what is the action and innervation of the tibialis posterior?

A

inverts and plantar flexes the foot, providing support to the medial arch of the foot during walking

tibial nerve

68
Q

what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg? what are they innervated by? what is their blood supply?

A

fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

superficial fibular nerve
anterior tibial and fibular arteries

69
Q

what is the action and innervation of the fibularis/peroneus longus?

A

everts the foot, some plantarflexion

superficial fibular nerve

70
Q

what is the action and innervation of the fibularis/peroneus brevis?

A

everts the foot, some plantarflexion

superficial peroneal nerve

71
Q

what muscles invert the foot?

A

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior

72
Q

what muscles evert the foot?

A

peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius

73
Q

what muscles flex the great toe?

A

flexor hallucis longus and brevis

74
Q

what muscles flex toes 2-5 at the distal interphalangeal joint?

A

flexor digitorum longus

75
Q

what muscles flex toes 2-5 at the proximal interphalangeal joints?

A

flexor digitorum brevis

76
Q

what muscles flex toes 2-5 at the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

lumbrical I, lumbricals II, III, IV, interossei

77
Q

what muscles flex toe 5 primarily?

A

flexor digiti minimi brevis

78
Q

what muscles extend the great toe?

A

extensor hallucis longus and brevis

79
Q

what muscles extend toes 2-4?

A

extensor digitorum longus and brevis

80
Q

what muscles extend toes 2-5 at the interphalangeal joints?

A

lumbricals

81
Q

what muscles abduct the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint?

A

abductor hallucis

82
Q

what muscles abduct toes 2-4 at the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

dorsal interossei

83
Q

what muscles abduct toe 5 at the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

abductor digiti minimi

84
Q

what muscles adduct the great toe?

A

adductor hallucis

85
Q

what muscles adduct toes 3-5?

A

plantar interossei

86
Q

what is different about the dorsal aspect of the foot in comparison to the plantar aspect of the foot in regards to muscles?

A

dorsal aspect is a continuation of the anterior aspect of the leg

87
Q

what are the muscles of the first layer of the plantar foot?

A

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis

(abductor, flexor, abductor)

88
Q

what is the action and innervation of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

abducts and flexes toe 5

lateral plantar

89
Q

what is the action and innervation of the flexor digitorum brevis?

A

flexes the lateral 4 digits

medial plantar nerve

90
Q

what is the action and innervation of the abductor hallucis?

A

abducts and flexes the great toe

medial plantar nerve

91
Q

what is innervated by the medial plantar nerve?

A

flexor digitorum brevis, flexor digitorum hallucis brevis, abductor hallucis, first lumbrical

(lateral plantar nerve will do the rest of the intrinsic muscles of the plantar foot)

92
Q

what are the muscles of the second layer of the plantar foot?

A

lumbricals and quadratus plantae

93
Q

what is the action and innervation of the lumbricals?

A

flex proximal phalanges, but extend the middle and distal phalanges because they insert on the dorsal digital expansions of toes 2-5

first lumbrical to toe 2 innervated by medial plantar, remaining lumbricals innervated by lateral plantar to toes 3-5

94
Q

what is the action and innervation of the quadratus plantae?

A

assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing the lateral 4 toes

straightens tendon of the FD longus

lateral plantar nerve

95
Q

what muscles are in the 3rd layer of the plantar foot?

A

flexor digiti minimi brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis

(flexor, adductor, flexor)

96
Q

what is the action and innervation of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

flexes the proximal phalanx of toe 5

lateral plantar nerve

97
Q

what is the action and innervation of the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

flexes the proximal phalanx of the great toe

medial plantar nerve

98
Q

what is the action and innervation of the adductor hallucis?

A

adducts the great toe

lateral plantar nerve

99
Q

what muscles are in the 4th layer of the plantar foot?

A

plantar interossei, dorsal interossei

100
Q

what is the action and innervation of the plantar interossei?

A

adducts digits 3-5 and flexes the matatarsophalangeal joints of digits 3-5

lateral plantar

101
Q

what is the action and innervation of the dorsal interossei?

A

abducts digits 2-4 and flexes the metatarsophalangeal joints

lateral plantar

Gross Anatomy (20 decks)

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