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Anatomy II: Exam II > Skull, Face, Scalp > Flashcards

Skull, Face, Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

vertex

A

superior most portion of skull, usually located along sagittal suture, posterior to bregma

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2
Q

what embryologic structures do bregma and lambda come from, respectively?

A

anterior and posterior fontenella

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3
Q

bones of the face

A 
nasal bones (2)
maxilla bones (2)
zygomatic bones (2)
mandible 
lacrimal bones (2)
vomer bone
inferior nasal conchae (2)
palatine bones (2)
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4
Q

boundaries of the orbit

A 
roof: frontal bone
lat wall: zygomatic bone
floor and part of med wall: maxilla
med wall: lacrimal and ethmoid bones
post wall: sphenoid bone
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5
Q

boundaries of nasal cavity

A

roof: nasal & ethmoid bones, frontal & sphenoid sinuses
floor and lat wall: maxillary bones
floor: palatine horizontal plate
med wall: vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bones
med wall: nasal septum

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6
Q

what is help by ant, mid, and post cranial fossa respectively?

A

frontal lobe, temporal lobes, cerebellum and BS

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7
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

frontal sinuses: in frontal bones (2)
ethmoid air cells: in ethmoid bone (3-13)
sphenoid sinuses: in sphenoid bone (2)
maxillary sinuses: in maxilla (2)

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8
Q

structures thru cribiform plate

A

olfactory nerve (CN I)

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9
Q

structures thru optic canal

A

optic nerve (CN II), opthalmic a

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10
Q

structures thru superior orbital fissure

A

CN III, IV, VI, opthalmic (V1)

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11
Q

structures thru foramen rotundum

A

maxillary n (V2)

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12
Q

structures thru foramen ovale

A

mandibular n (V3)

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13
Q

structures thru foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal a

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14
Q

structures thru foramen lacerum

A

internal carotid a (enters cranial vault here)

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15
Q

structures thru jugular foramen

A

IJV, CN IX, X, XI

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16
Q

structures thru internal acoustic foramen

A

CN VII, VIII

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17
Q

structures thru stylomastoid foramen

A

CN VII

18
Q

structures thru hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII

19
Q

structures thru foramen magnum

A

vertebral aa, spinal cord

20
Q

structures thru carotid canal

A

internal carotid a (enter skull here)

21
Q

where does the region of the scalp end?

A

superior to orbital rim, external occipital protuberance

22
Q

layers of the scalp

A
  • skin
  • dense connective tissue
  • aponeurosis (vessels and nerves reside)
  • loose CT (has potential danger spaces)
  • periosteum
23
Q

mm of scalp and ears

A
  • occipitofrontalis m (occipital and frontal bellies): moves scalp back and forth
  • 3 auricularis mm (ant, sup, post): protract, elevate, and retract ears
24
Q

mm of the eye region

A

frontalis m: raises eyebrow
corrugator supercilii m: draws brows in
orbicularis oculi m (orbital and palpebral regions): closes eye

25
Q

muscles of nasal region

A

procerus m: wrinkles bridge of nose
nasalis m (transverse and alar parts): compresses and dilates nostril
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m: dilates nostril

26
Q

superficial mm of mouth region

A
  • orbicularis oris: closes mouth
  • levator labii superioris: elevates upper lip
  • zygomaticus minor/major: draws mouth up
  • depressor anguli oris: depress angle of mouth
  • risorius: retract corner of mouth
  • mentalis: protrudes lower lip
27
Q

deep mm of mouth region

A
  • buccinator: compress cheek assist w/ mastication
  • levator anguli oris: elevate angle of mouth
  • depressor lebii inferioris: depress lower lip
28
Q

mm of mastication

A
  • temporalis: elevate and retract mandible
  • masseter: elevate and clench mandible
  • med pyerygoid: evelate, protract, and rotate mandible
  • lat pterygoid: protrude and rotate mandible
29
Q

innervation to face and scalp

A

CN V: sensory to face and scalp
Cervical: sensory to back of head, ears, jaw
CN VII: motor to mm of facial expression
CN V3: motor to mm of mastication

30
Q

head sensory innervation via spinal nerves

A
  • greater occipital (C2): back of head/scalp
  • lesser occipital (C2): post ear
  • great auricular (C2-3): inf ear
31
Q

sensory innervation V1

A
  • supraorbital: central forehead
  • supratrochlear: medial forehead
    infratrochlear: upper nose
  • external nasal: lower nose
  • lacrimal: lateral brow
32
Q

sensory innervation V2

A
  • zygomaticotemporal: temple
  • zygomaticofacial: upper cheek
  • infraorbital: maxilla and upper lip
33
Q

sensory innervation V3

A
  • auriculotemporal: ear and temple
  • buccal: lower cheek
  • mental: chin and lower lip
34
Q

brs of CN VII

A
  • posteriorauricular
  • temporal
  • zygomatic
  • buccal
  • marginal mandibular
  • cervical

*also br entering parotid gland, innervating post belly of digastric and stylohyoid mm

35
Q

superficial temporal a and v

A
  • a: br of ECA
  • v: drains to retromandibular v
  • both run anterior to ear
  • travel with auriculotemporal n
36
Q

transverse facial a and v

A
  • brs of superficial temporal vessels
  • cross masseter m btwn zygomatic arch and parotid duct
  • blood to upper cheek (parotid and masseter m)
37
Q

facial a and v

A
  • a pulse can be palpated at angle of mandible

- sup/inf labial brs, and angular br

38
Q

lymphatic drainage of head and neck

A
  • remain ipsilateral
  • drains medial to lateral
  • ultimately to right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct
39
Q

submental nodes

A
  • inf and post to chin

- drain medial lower lip to chin

40
Q

submandibular nodes

A
  • superficial to gland, inf to body of mandible

- drain from medial corner of orbit, ext nose, med cheek, upper lip, lat lower lip

41
Q

preauricular and parotid nodes

A
  • ant to ear

- drain most of eyelids, part ext nose, lat cheek

Anatomy II: Exam II (12 decks)

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