Skull, Face, Scalp

Question 1

vertex

Answer 1

superior most portion of skull, usually located along sagittal suture, posterior to bregma

Question 2

what embryologic structures do bregma and lambda come from, respectively?

Answer 2

anterior and posterior fontenella

Question 3

bones of the face

Answer 3

nasal bones (2)
maxilla bones (2)
zygomatic bones (2)
mandible 
lacrimal bones (2)
vomer bone
inferior nasal conchae (2)
palatine bones (2)

Question 4

boundaries of the orbit

Answer 4

roof: frontal bone
lat wall: zygomatic bone
floor and part of med wall: maxilla
med wall: lacrimal and ethmoid bones
post wall: sphenoid bone

Question 5

boundaries of nasal cavity

Answer 5

roof: nasal & ethmoid bones, frontal & sphenoid sinuses
floor and lat wall: maxillary bones
floor: palatine horizontal plate
med wall: vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bones
med wall: nasal septum

Question 6

what is help by ant, mid, and post cranial fossa respectively?

Answer 6

frontal lobe, temporal lobes, cerebellum and BS

Question 7

paranasal sinuses

Answer 7

frontal sinuses: in frontal bones (2)
ethmoid air cells: in ethmoid bone (3-13)
sphenoid sinuses: in sphenoid bone (2)
maxillary sinuses: in maxilla (2)

Question 8

structures thru cribiform plate

Answer 8

olfactory nerve (CN I)

Question 9

structures thru optic canal

Answer 9

optic nerve (CN II), opthalmic a

Question 10

structures thru superior orbital fissure

Answer 10

CN III, IV, VI, opthalmic (V1)

Question 11

structures thru foramen rotundum

Answer 11

maxillary n (V2)

Question 12

structures thru foramen ovale

Answer 12

mandibular n (V3)

Question 13

structures thru foramen spinosum

Answer 13

middle meningeal a

Question 14

structures thru foramen lacerum

Answer 14

internal carotid a (enters cranial vault here)

Question 15

structures thru jugular foramen

Answer 15

IJV, CN IX, X, XI

Question 16

structures thru internal acoustic foramen

Answer 16

CN VII, VIII

Question 17

structures thru stylomastoid foramen

Answer 17

CN VII

Question 18

structures thru hypoglossal canal

Answer 18

CN XII

Question 19

structures thru foramen magnum

Answer 19

vertebral aa, spinal cord

Question 20

structures thru carotid canal

Answer 20

internal carotid a (enter skull here)

Question 21

where does the region of the scalp end?

Answer 21

superior to orbital rim, external occipital protuberance

Question 22

layers of the scalp

Answer 22

• skin
• dense connective tissue
• aponeurosis (vessels and nerves reside)
• loose CT (has potential danger spaces)
• periosteum

Question 23

mm of scalp and ears

Answer 23

• occipitofrontalis m (occipital and frontal bellies): moves scalp back and forth
• 3 auricularis mm (ant, sup, post): protract, elevate, and retract ears

Question 24

mm of the eye region

Answer 24

frontalis m: raises eyebrow
corrugator supercilii m: draws brows in
orbicularis oculi m (orbital and palpebral regions): closes eye

Question 25

muscles of nasal region

Answer 25

procerus m: wrinkles bridge of nose nasalis m (transverse and alar parts): compresses and dilates nostril levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m: dilates nostril

Question 26

superficial mm of mouth region

Answer 26

- orbicularis oris: closes mouth - levator labii superioris: elevates upper lip - zygomaticus minor/major: draws mouth up - depressor anguli oris: depress angle of mouth - risorius: retract corner of mouth - mentalis: protrudes lower lip

Question 27

deep mm of mouth region

Answer 27

- buccinator: compress cheek assist w/ mastication - levator anguli oris: elevate angle of mouth - depressor lebii inferioris: depress lower lip

Question 28

mm of mastication

Answer 28

- temporalis: elevate and retract mandible - masseter: elevate and clench mandible - med pyerygoid: evelate, protract, and rotate mandible - lat pterygoid: protrude and rotate mandible

Question 29

innervation to face and scalp

Answer 29

CN V: sensory to face and scalp Cervical: sensory to back of head, ears, jaw CN VII: motor to mm of facial expression CN V3: motor to mm of mastication

Question 30

head sensory innervation via spinal nerves

Answer 30

- greater occipital (C2): back of head/scalp - lesser occipital (C2): post ear - great auricular (C2-3): inf ear

Question 31

sensory innervation V1

Answer 31

- supraorbital: central forehead - supratrochlear: medial forehead infratrochlear: upper nose - external nasal: lower nose - lacrimal: lateral brow

Question 32

sensory innervation V2

Answer 32

- zygomaticotemporal: temple - zygomaticofacial: upper cheek - infraorbital: maxilla and upper lip

Question 33

sensory innervation V3

Answer 33

- auriculotemporal: ear and temple - buccal: lower cheek - mental: chin and lower lip

Question 34

brs of CN VII

Answer 34

- posteriorauricular - temporal - zygomatic - buccal - marginal mandibular - cervical *also br entering parotid gland, innervating post belly of digastric and stylohyoid mm

Question 35

superficial temporal a and v

Answer 35

- a: br of ECA - v: drains to retromandibular v - both run anterior to ear - travel with auriculotemporal n

Question 36

transverse facial a and v

Answer 36

- brs of superficial temporal vessels - cross masseter m btwn zygomatic arch and parotid duct - blood to upper cheek (parotid and masseter m)

Question 37

facial a and v

Answer 37

- a pulse can be palpated at angle of mandible | - sup/inf labial brs, and angular br

Question 38

lymphatic drainage of head and neck

Answer 38

- remain ipsilateral - drains medial to lateral - ultimately to right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct

Question 39

submental nodes

Answer 39

- inf and post to chin | - drain medial lower lip to chin

Question 40

submandibular nodes

Answer 40

- superficial to gland, inf to body of mandible | - drain from medial corner of orbit, ext nose, med cheek, upper lip, lat lower lip

Question 41

preauricular and parotid nodes

Answer 41

- ant to ear | - drain most of eyelids, part ext nose, lat cheek