Craniovertebral Joints and Prevert Region

Question 1

atlas

Answer 1

C1

Question 2

axis

Answer 2

C2

Question 3

transverse process and foramen

Answer 3

only in cervical vertebrae

Question 4

atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 4

“yes” joint, side to side tilting

occipital condyles and superior facets of C1

Question 5

atlanto-axial joint

Answer 5

“no”

ant arch C1 with dens of C2

Question 6

what type of joints are atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial

Answer 6

synovial joints with no disc

Question 7

tectorial membrane

Answer 7

beneath dura mater (superficial to DM)

superior extension of posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 8

anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Answer 8

superior extension of ant long ligament

completely covers ant arch of atlas inferiorly

Question 9

posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Answer 9

between atlas and occipital bone

uppermost extent of ligamentum flavum (fills gap btwn post vert arches on lamina of post arch

Question 10

deep ligaments

Answer 10

1. transverse ligament of atlas
2. cruciform (cruciate) ligament of the atlas
3. alar (check) ligaments
4. apical ligament of dens (apical dental)

Question 11

transverse ligament of the atlas

Answer 11

holds dens of C2 tightly to ant arch of C1, strong and bow shaped

Question 12

cruciform (cruciate) ligament of the atlas

Answer 12

transverse lig of atlas plus 2 bands
sup long band: attaches to foramen magnum base
inf long band: attaches to dens of C2 post

*all 3 form crucifix

Question 13

alar (check) ligaments

Answer 13

extend from dens to medial portions of occipital condyles

“check” lat rotation of skull/head, strong, paired, ligaments

Question 14

apical ligament of dens

Answer 14

attaches to ant margin of foramen magnum
deep to sup long band of cruciform lig

*works together with transverse ligament

Question 15

where does IJV exit

Answer 15

jugular foramen

Question 16

where does ICA enter

Answer 16

carotid canal

Question 17

what gives rise to internal carotid plexus

Answer 17

sympathetic trunk

Question 18

where does CN VII emerge

Answer 18

stylomastoid foramen

Question 19

where do IX, X, and XI emerge

Answer 19

jugular foramen

Question 20

where does XII emerge

Answer 20

hypoglossal canal

Question 21

where is sympathetic tr located

Answer 21

posteromedial to carotid sheath in retropharyngeal space

Question 22

what gives rise to sup and inf ganglia (sensory w/in jugular foramen)

Answer 22

CN IX and CN X

Question 23

what does sympathetic tr give rise to

Answer 23

SCSG and sends off internal carotid plexus on ICA

Question 24

CN IX

Answer 24

glossopharyngeal n
travels with stylopharyngeus m btwn ICA and ECA
descends to pharynx and back on tongue

Question 25

CN X

Answer 25

vagus n

gives 2 brs at base of skull (pharyngeal n and sup laryngeal n)

Question 26

pharyngeal n

Answer 26

br of CN X

btwn ICA and ECA, innervates pharynx

Question 27

superior laryngeal n

Answer 27

br of CN X

just below pharyngeal n, innervates larynx

Question 28

pharyngeal plexus of nerves

Answer 28

formed by union of pharyngeal brs and CN IX (sensory fibers to plexus and inn stylopharyngeus m) and X (motor inn to most pharyngeal mm and carries parasymp)

Question 29

CN XI

Answer 29

accessory
runs immediately lat to CN X
ventral roots-motor
dorsal roots-sensory

Question 30

CN XII

Answer 30

hypoglossal n

from hypoglossal canal, runs inf within submand triangle, supplies mm of tongue

Question 31

cervical plexus

Answer 31

C1-C4
post to long capitis/colli mm
n network formed by ventral rami

Question 32

what forms phrenic nn

Answer 32

C3-C5

descends ant to ant scalene mm

Question 33

vertebral a

Answer 33

arises from subclavian a

Question 34

vertebral v

Answer 34

drains into brachiocephalic v

Question 35

where do vertebral a and v enter

Answer 35

transverse foramen of C6 and above