Neck: superficial layers and compartments

Question 1

composition of superficial fascia

Answer 1

LCT and fat

Question 2

composition of deep fascia

Answer 2

DCT, devoid of fat

Question 3

longitudinal compartments of the neck and what makes them

Answer 3

vascular (2)
visceral
vertebral

deep fascia

Question 4

deep fascia layers of the neck

Answer 4

1. investing fascia
2. pretracheal fascia
3. buccopharyngeal fascia
4. alar fascia
5. prevertebral fascia
6. carotid sheath

Question 5

investing fascia

Answer 5

surrounds trap, SCM, and infrahyoid mm

Question 6

pretracheal fascia

Answer 6

surrounds thyroid, trachea and esophagus and post surface of infrahyoid mm

Question 7

buccopharyngeal fascia

Answer 7

surrounds pharynx posteriorly (post part of pretracheal fascia)

Question 8

alar fascia

Answer 8

ant layer of prevertebral fascia and runs behind buccopharyngeal fascia (more like a space)

Question 9

prevertebral fascia

Answer 9

surrounds prevertebral and deep back mm

Question 10

carotid sheath

Answer 10

column of fascia that surrounds the CCA, ICA, IJV, and vagus (envelops structures in vascular column)

Question 11

origin of all fascia layers

Answer 11

base of skull

Question 12

fascial spaces

Answer 12

1. carotid sheath
2. pretracheal space
3. retropharyngeal space
4. prevertebral “danger” space

Question 13

carotid sheath

Answer 13

• between SCM and prevertebral mm
• formed by condensations of deep cervical fascia
• holds carotid aa, IJV, vagus n

Question 14

pretracheal space

Answer 14

• between tracheal and infrahyoid mm
• from thyroid cartilage down into ant mediastinum
• infection can push on pericardium causing pain*

Question 15

retropharyngeal space

Answer 15

• btwn buccopharyngeal and alar fascia
• from skull base down into sup mediastinum
• comes down to T4/T5 level

Question 16

prevertebral danger space

Answer 16

• btwn alar and prevertebral fascia

- notorious for inf spread of infections

Question 17

horizontal zones of neck

Answer 17

zone I: thoracic inlet to cricoid cart
zone II: cricoid cart to angle of mandible
zone III: angle of mandible to base of skull

Question 18

boundaries of posterior cervical triangle

Answer 18

ant: SCM m
post: trap m
inf: middle 1/3 of clavicle

Question 19

contents of post cerv triangle from superficial to deep

Answer 19

1. platysma m
2. EJV
3. cutaneous nn
4. motor nn
5. transverse cervical and suprascapular aa
6. deep mm

Question 20

cutaneous nerves of post cerv triangle

Answer 20

lesser occipital (C2-C3): skin of scalp at apex of triangle
great auricular (C2-C3): lobe and skin post to auricle, angle of mand to mastoid process
transverse cervical (C2-C3): skin of ant cerv tri and lat neck
supraclavicular (C3-C4): skin of clavicular region

all emerge from Erbs point

Question 21

motor nn of post cerv triangle

Answer 21

accessory n (CN XI)
phrenic n (C3-C5)

Question 22

accessory n

Answer 22

• emerges from jugular foramen of skull

- supplies SCM and trap mm

Question 23

phrenic n

Answer 23

• deep to erbs point

- descends along anterior scalene m

Question 24

vessels of post triangle

Answer 24

EJV- drains into subclavian v
transverse cervical a- from thyrocervical trunk
suprascapular a- from thyrocervical trunk

Question 25

deep mm of post triangle

Answer 25

splenius capitis m
levator scapulae m
3 scalene mm
omohyoid m (inf belly)

Question 26

A and N of splenius capitis m

Answer 26

A: extend and laterally rotate head and neck
N: dorsal rami of spinal nn

Question 27

O, I, A, and N of levator scapulae m

Answer 27

O: trans process of C1-C4 vert
I: superomedial border of scapula
A: elevate scapula
N: dorsal scapular n (C5)

Question 28

O, I, A, and N of 3 scalene mm

Answer 28

ant: O-trans process C3-C6, I-1st rib
mid: O-trans process of C2-C7, I-1st rib
post: O-trans process of C4-C6, I- 2nd rib

A: tilt neck laterally
N: ventral rami C3-C8

Question 29

interscalene triangle

Answer 29

• ant scalene, mid scalene, 1st rib

- brachial plexus and subclavian a pass thru it