Skull, Face, Scalp Flashcards
what are the four sutures of the skull
coronal
sagittal
squamosal
lambdoidal
what are the 2 intersections on the skull?
bregma
lambda
what are the bones of the face
nasal maxilla zygomatic mandible lacrimal vomer, inferior nasal conchae palatine bone
whats the general term for bones of the face?
viscerocranium
what are the 6 bones of the orbit
frontal zygomatic maxilla lacrimal and ethmoid sphenoid
what are the 5 features of the orbit?
supraortibal foramen/notch optic canal (foramen) superior ortbital fissure inferior orbital fissure lacriminal groove
what is the roof of the nasal cavity
nasal bones, frontal sinus, ethmoid, sphenoid sinus
what is the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity
maxillary bones
what is the floor of the nasal cavity
palatine horizontal plate
what is the medial wall of the nasal cavity
vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bones
what is another feature of the nasal septum?
medial wall
what are the features of the nasal cavity
nasal conchae
superior nasal conchae
middle nasal conchae
inferior nasal conchae
what are the 2 features of the maxilla
infraorbital foramina
alveolar processes
what are the 2 features of the mandible
mental foramen and alveolar processes
what is the anterior cranial fossa hold?
frontal lobes
what does the middle cranial fossa hold?
temporal lobes
what does the posterior cranial fossa hold?
cerebellum and brainstem
what is the paranasal sinus lined with?
mucousal membrane
what is the paranasal sinus continous with?
nasal cavity
what does the paranasal sinus do for bones?
make bones lighter
what does the paranasal sinus add to voice?
resonance
what are the paranasal sinuses?
frontal sinuses
ethmoid air cells
sphenoid sinuses
maxillary sinuses
what is important about the foramina of the skull?
allow vessels and cranial nn to exit cranial vault
what are the layers of the SCALP?
skin connective tissue (dense) aponeurotic layer loose connective tissue pericranium
where would scalp lacerations happen and what could the outcome be?
Happen in the Connective tissue layer
outcome: bleed to death
why do infections spread easy in the loose areolar tissue?
spread easy
travel into cranial cavity (through emissary veins) to meniges
-fluid can move into eyelids and root of nose
what do the 3 auricularis mm do?
protract, elevate, and retract ears
what muscle moves the scalp back and forth?
occipitofrontalis m
what are the 3 things that make the occipitofrontalis m?
occipitalis m
galea aponeurotica
frontalis m
what is the action for the frontalis muscle?
elevates eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead, protracts scalp
what does the occipitalis muscle do?
retracts scalp, increasing effectiveness of frontal belly
what does the anterior auricularis muscle do?
protract ear
what does the superior auricularis muscle do?
elevate ear
what does the posterior auricularis muscle do?
retract ear
what nerve innervates muscles of facial expression?
facial nerve
what are the 3 muscles of the eye region?
frontalis m
corrugator supercilii m
orbicularis oculi m
action of frontalis m?
raises eyebrow (surprise)
action of corrugator supercilii m?
draws eyebrow in (frowning)
action of orbicularis oculi m?
closes eye (winking)
what are the 3 muscles of the nasal region
procerus m
nasalis m
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m
action of procerus m?
wrinkles bridge of nose
action of nasalis m?
compresses and dilates nostri;
action of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m?
dilates nostril
what are the 6 superficial muscles of the mouth region
orbicularis oris levator labii superioris zygomaticus major/minor depressor anguli oris risorius mentalis
action of orbicularis oris?
closes mouth
action of levator labii superioris?
elevates upper lip
action of zygomaticus major/minor?
draws mouth up
action of depressor anguli oris?
depresses angle of mouth
action of risorius?
retracts the corner of the mouth
action of mentalis?
protrudes lower lip
what are the 3 deep muscles of the mouth region?
buccinator
levator anguli oris
depressor labii inferioris
action of buccinator?
compresses cheek and assists with mastication
action of levator anguli oris?
elevates angle of mouth
action of depressor labii inferioris?
depresses lower lip
what are the 4 muscles of mastication?
temporalis
massester
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
action of temporalis?
elevates and retracts mandible
action of masster?
elevates and clenches mandible
action of med. pterygoid?
elevates, protrudes, and rotates mandible
action of lateral pterygoid?
protrudes and rotates mandible; opens mouth
what does the trigeminal nerve innervate?
sensory to the face and scalp
what does the cervical n innervate
sensory to the back of head, ears, and jaw
what does the facial nerve innervate?
motor to the mm of facial expression
what does the mandibular (CN V3) innervate?
motor to mm of mastication
what is CN V1 division?
ophthalmic
what are the 5 nerves of the sensory innervation of CN V1 division?
supraorbital n supratrochlear n infratrochlear n external nasal n lacrimal n
what is the CN V2 division?
maxillary division
what are the 3 nerves of sensory innervationof CN V2 division?
zygomaticotemporal n
zygomaticofacial n
infraorbital n
what is the CN V3 division?
mandibular
what are the 3 sensory innervations for CN V3 division
auriculotemporal n
buccal n
mental n
what does parotid duct transmit?
saliva from gland
where does it come out in the oral cavity?
parotid papilla
what is calculus formation associated with?
chronic parotiditis
what happens with salivary fistulas?
duct ligation
what is Frey’s syndrome?
gustatory sweating
what nerve runs through parotid gland?
facial n
what can happen if you damage facial nerve?
paralysis of facial mm on affected ide
what nerve is in danger duing a parotidectomy?
facial n
what does facial nerve innervate
facial expression muscles
what does the facial nerve exit?
stylomastoid foramen
what does the facial nerve bifuricate into?
superior temprofacial branch
inferior cervicofacial branch
what are the branches of the facial nerve
temporal zygomatic buccal marginal mandibular cervical posterior auricular
what is the most common cause of facial paralysis
bell’s palsy
what nerve is associated with bell’s palsy
facial nerve
what is the action of buccal fat pad?
provides protection for parotid duct and CN VII
what branch of the facial nerve is associated with buccinator m
buccal branch of facial nerve
buccal branch from facial nerve is motor or sensory?
motor
what is the branch of the trigeminal n for buccinator m
buccal branch
buccal branch from trigeminal n (CN V3) is sensory or motor?
sensory
what is the superficial temporal artery a branch of?
external carotid a
where does the superficial temporal vein drain to?
retromandibular vein
what does the superficial temporal artery & vein run with?
auriculotemporal nerve
what does the transverse facial artery and vein supply?
blood to upper cheek region (parotid gland, duct, and masseter m)
what are the branches of the superficial temporal vessels?
transverse facial artery & vein
