Brain, Meninges, Dural Sinuses, and Cranial Fossae Flashcards
what are the 3 functions of the brain?
stimulates movement
maintains homeostasis
produces thought
how does the brain stimulate movements?
sensory and motor inputs
how does the brain maintain homeostasis
between internal and external environment
how does the brain produce though?
intelligence related processes (includes memory)
what is the central sulcus between?
frontal and parietal lobes
what is the parieto-occipital sulcus between?
parietal and occipital lobes
what is the lateral fissure/sulcus between?
temporal and frontal lobes
what is the longitudinal fissure between
2 cerebral hemispheres
what is the function of frontal lobe
primary motor and personality area
what is the function of parietal lobe
primary sensory and integration area
what is the occipital lobe function
primary visual area
what is the function of temporal lobe
auditory, speech, olfactory, and memory
what is the function of cerebellum
fine motor coordination
what is the function of pons
CN nuclei and tracts between cerebrum and cerebellum
what is the function of medulla oblongata
blood pressure and respiration
what does the corpus callosum connect?
fibers connecting cerebral hemispheres
what is the function of thalamus
relay station for all sense except olfaction
what is the function of hypothalamus
center for autonomic and endocrine functions
what is the function of the pituitary gland
“master” gland for homeostasis
what is the function of pineal gland
center for sleep-wake cycles
what is the function of mammillary bodies
nuclei related to emotions
what are the 3 fossae of cranial vault
anterior
middle
posterior
what does the anterior fossa hold
frontal lobes
what does the middle fossa hold
temporal lobes
what does the posterior cranial fossa hold
cerebellum and brainstem
what bones are with the anterior cranial fossa
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
what bones are with the middle cranial fossa
sphenoid
parietal
temporal - petrous portion
what bones are with the posterior cranial fossa
temporal
parietal
occipital
what are the 4 features of the anterior cranial fossa
cribriform plate
foramen cecum
anterior ethmoidal foramen
posterior ethmoidal foramen
what nerve is associated with the cribriform plate
olfactory bulb and olfactory nerve
what vein is associated with the foramen cecum
emissary vein from nasal cavity
what nerve is associated with anterior ethmoidal foramen
anterior ethmoidal nerve, artery, and vein
what is associated with posterior ethmoidal foramen
posterior ethmoidal nerve, artery, and vein
what goes through the optic cancal
CN II and ophthalmic artery
what goes through the superior orbital fissure
CN III, IV, V1, VI, and ophthamic veins
what goes through foramen rotundum
CN V2
what goes through foramen ovale
CN V3 and accessory meningeal a
goes through foramen spinosum?
middle meningeal a
goes through foramen lacerum?
fibrocartilage
what passes through the internal acoustic meatus
CN VII, CN VIII
what goes through the jugular foramen
internal jugular vein, CN IX, X, XI
what goes through the foramen magnum
spinal cord and vertebral vessels
accessory spinal
what goes through the hypoglossal canal
CN XII
what are the 3 meninges of the brain
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
what are the 2 layers of the dura mater
periosteal layer
meningeal layer
what is the rough outer layer, forming the endocranium and inner periosteum
periosteal layer
what is the smooth inner layer that covers arachnoid mater
meningeal layer
what is found between cerebral hemispheres
falx cerebri (longitudinal fissure)
what is between cerebelli hemispheres
falx cerebelli
what is found between cerebrum and cerebellum
tentorium cerebelli (tranverse fissure)
what is found between brain and pituitary gland
diaphragma sellae
what are the dural venous sinuses
superior and inferior sagittal sinuses sigmoid sinuses straight sinus sphenoparietal sinuses carvernous sinuses superior and inferior petrosal sinuses confluence and transverse sinuses
what passes through the cavernous sinus
internal carotid and CN VI
what nerves are in the lateral wall of cavernous sinus
CN III, IV, V1, and V2
what can rupture with skull base fractures?
ICA
if the ICA ruptures, what does that result in?
arteriovenous fistula
what covers all fissures and sulci of the brain?
arachnoid mater and pia mater
what is deep to the arachnoid mater?
subarachnoid space
what does the dura mater contain?
vessels and sinuses
what 3 things are in the subarachnoid space?
CSF
cerebral and cerebellar blood vessels
what does the superior cerebral vv drain into?
superior sagittal sinus
what are pierced through the pia mater
vessels that supply the brain
what is cavernous sinus thrombosis?
clot formation
what prevents build-up of pressure on brain?
passive pressure gradient
what is a branch of maxillary aa?
middle meningeal vessels
where do the middle meningeal vessels drain to?
pterygoid venous plexuses
where are the vessels of middle meningeal vessels embedded
outer layer of dura mater
what do the middle meningeal vessels supply
dura mater and skull
what are the 2 branches of middle meningeal vessels
parietal branch and frontal branch
which branch of the middle meningeal vessel is posterior?
parietal branch
what can a tear in the middle meningeal artery lead to?
epidural hematoma
where is the bleeding of a epidural hematoma?
arterial bleeding between dura mater and skull
fractures through ____ of skull produce tearing in anterior branch (frontal branch) of middle meningeal artery
pterion
where is the subdural space?
potential space between dura and arachnoid mater
rupture of ___ vein produces subdural hematoma
cerebral vein
what are the 2 systems that provide blood to brain?
internal carotid arterial system
vertebrobasilar arterial system
what is the anastomosis of the 2 systems that provide blood to the brain?
circle of willis
where does the internal carotid artery enter?
carotid canal
what sinus does the internal carotid artery enter?
cavernous sinus
what part of the brain does the internal carotid artery supply?
anterior and middle brain
where does the vertebral artery enter the brain?
transverse foramina
after the vertebra artery goes through the transverse foramina, where does it go?
foramen magnum
what does the vertebral artery form?
basilar artery
what does the vertebral artery supply?
posterior brain
what are the 6 arteries of the circle of willis
Anterior communicating a. Anterior cerebral aa. Internal Carotid aa. Middle cerebral aa. Posterior communicating aa. Posterior cerebral aa.
what is a branch of the internal carotid artery
ophthalmic artery
what does the internal carotid artery anastomose with
posterior communicating artery
what does the internal carotid artery terminate as?
middle and anterior cerebral artery
what branches come off of basilar artery
inferior cerebellar a
labyrinthine a
pontine a
superior cerebellar a
what does the basilar spilt to form?
posterior cerebral a
what branches does the vertebral a give off
anterior and posterior spinal a
posterior inferior cerebellar a
what does the anterior cerebral a supply
anterior/medial cerebrum
what does the middle cerebral a supply
anterior/lateral cerebrum
what does the posterior cerebral artery supply
posterior/inferior/ cerebrum
what does the superior cerebellar a supply
superior cerebellum
what does the anterior inferior cerebellar a suppply
anterior/inferior cerebellum
what does the posterior inferior cerebellar a supply
posterior/inferior cerebellum
