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SP16 Anatomy Exam 2 > Brain, Meninges, Dural Sinuses, and Cranial Fossae > Flashcards

Brain, Meninges, Dural Sinuses, and Cranial Fossae Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 functions of the brain?

A

stimulates movement
maintains homeostasis
produces thought

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2
Q

how does the brain stimulate movements?

A

sensory and motor inputs

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3
Q

how does the brain maintain homeostasis

A

between internal and external environment

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4
Q

how does the brain produce though?

A

intelligence related processes (includes memory)

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5
Q

what is the central sulcus between?

A

frontal and parietal lobes

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6
Q

what is the parieto-occipital sulcus between?

A

parietal and occipital lobes

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7
Q

what is the lateral fissure/sulcus between?

A

temporal and frontal lobes

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8
Q

what is the longitudinal fissure between

A

2 cerebral hemispheres

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9
Q

what is the function of frontal lobe

A

primary motor and personality area

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10
Q

what is the function of parietal lobe

A

primary sensory and integration area

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11
Q

what is the occipital lobe function

A

primary visual area

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12
Q

what is the function of temporal lobe

A

auditory, speech, olfactory, and memory

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13
Q

what is the function of cerebellum

A

fine motor coordination

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14
Q

what is the function of pons

A

CN nuclei and tracts between cerebrum and cerebellum

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15
Q

what is the function of medulla oblongata

A

blood pressure and respiration

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16
Q

what does the corpus callosum connect?

A

fibers connecting cerebral hemispheres

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17
Q

what is the function of thalamus

A

relay station for all sense except olfaction

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18
Q

what is the function of hypothalamus

A

center for autonomic and endocrine functions

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19
Q

what is the function of the pituitary gland

A

“master” gland for homeostasis

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20
Q

what is the function of pineal gland

A

center for sleep-wake cycles

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21
Q

what is the function of mammillary bodies

A

nuclei related to emotions

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22
Q

what are the 3 fossae of cranial vault

A

anterior
middle
posterior

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23
Q

what does the anterior fossa hold

A

frontal lobes

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24
Q

what does the middle fossa hold

A

temporal lobes

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25
Q

what does the posterior cranial fossa hold

A

cerebellum and brainstem

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26
Q

what bones are with the anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid

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27
Q

what bones are with the middle cranial fossa

A

sphenoid
parietal
temporal - petrous portion

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28
Q

what bones are with the posterior cranial fossa

A

temporal
parietal
occipital

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29
Q

what are the 4 features of the anterior cranial fossa

A

cribriform plate
foramen cecum
anterior ethmoidal foramen
posterior ethmoidal foramen

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30
Q

what nerve is associated with the cribriform plate

A

olfactory bulb and olfactory nerve

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31
Q

what vein is associated with the foramen cecum

A

emissary vein from nasal cavity

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32
Q

what nerve is associated with anterior ethmoidal foramen

A

anterior ethmoidal nerve, artery, and vein

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33
Q

what is associated with posterior ethmoidal foramen

A

posterior ethmoidal nerve, artery, and vein

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34
Q

what goes through the optic cancal

A

CN II and ophthalmic artery

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35
Q

what goes through the superior orbital fissure

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI, and ophthamic veins

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36
Q

what goes through foramen rotundum

A

CN V2

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37
Q

what goes through foramen ovale

A

CN V3 and accessory meningeal a

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38
Q

goes through foramen spinosum?

A

middle meningeal a

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39
Q

goes through foramen lacerum?

A

fibrocartilage

40
Q

what passes through the internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII, CN VIII

41
Q

what goes through the jugular foramen

A

internal jugular vein, CN IX, X, XI

42
Q

what goes through the foramen magnum

A

spinal cord and vertebral vessels

accessory spinal

43
Q

what goes through the hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII

44
Q

what are the 3 meninges of the brain

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

45
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dura mater

A

periosteal layer

meningeal layer

46
Q

what is the rough outer layer, forming the endocranium and inner periosteum

A

periosteal layer

47
Q

what is the smooth inner layer that covers arachnoid mater

A

meningeal layer

48
Q

what is found between cerebral hemispheres

A

falx cerebri (longitudinal fissure)

49
Q

what is between cerebelli hemispheres

A

falx cerebelli

50
Q

what is found between cerebrum and cerebellum

A

tentorium cerebelli (tranverse fissure)

51
Q

what is found between brain and pituitary gland

A

diaphragma sellae

52
Q

what are the dural venous sinuses

A 
superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
sigmoid sinuses
straight sinus
sphenoparietal sinuses
carvernous sinuses
superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
confluence and transverse sinuses
53
Q

what passes through the cavernous sinus

A

internal carotid and CN VI

54
Q

what nerves are in the lateral wall of cavernous sinus

A

CN III, IV, V1, and V2

55
Q

what can rupture with skull base fractures?

A

ICA

56
Q

if the ICA ruptures, what does that result in?

A

arteriovenous fistula

57
Q

what covers all fissures and sulci of the brain?

A

arachnoid mater and pia mater

58
Q

what is deep to the arachnoid mater?

A

subarachnoid space

59
Q

what does the dura mater contain?

A

vessels and sinuses

60
Q

what 3 things are in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

cerebral and cerebellar blood vessels

61
Q

what does the superior cerebral vv drain into?

A

superior sagittal sinus

62
Q

what are pierced through the pia mater

A

vessels that supply the brain

63
Q

what is cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

clot formation

64
Q

what prevents build-up of pressure on brain?

A

passive pressure gradient

65
Q

what is a branch of maxillary aa?

A

middle meningeal vessels

66
Q

where do the middle meningeal vessels drain to?

A

pterygoid venous plexuses

67
Q

where are the vessels of middle meningeal vessels embedded

A

outer layer of dura mater

68
Q

what do the middle meningeal vessels supply

A

dura mater and skull

69
Q

what are the 2 branches of middle meningeal vessels

A

parietal branch and frontal branch

70
Q

which branch of the middle meningeal vessel is posterior?

A

parietal branch

71
Q

what can a tear in the middle meningeal artery lead to?

A

epidural hematoma

72
Q

where is the bleeding of a epidural hematoma?

A

arterial bleeding between dura mater and skull

73
Q

fractures through ____ of skull produce tearing in anterior branch (frontal branch) of middle meningeal artery

A

pterion

74
Q

where is the subdural space?

A

potential space between dura and arachnoid mater

75
Q

rupture of ___ vein produces subdural hematoma

A

cerebral vein

76
Q

what are the 2 systems that provide blood to brain?

A

internal carotid arterial system

vertebrobasilar arterial system

77
Q

what is the anastomosis of the 2 systems that provide blood to the brain?

A

circle of willis

78
Q

where does the internal carotid artery enter?

A

carotid canal

79
Q

what sinus does the internal carotid artery enter?

A

cavernous sinus

80
Q

what part of the brain does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

anterior and middle brain

81
Q

where does the vertebral artery enter the brain?

A

transverse foramina

82
Q

after the vertebra artery goes through the transverse foramina, where does it go?

A

foramen magnum

83
Q

what does the vertebral artery form?

A

basilar artery

84
Q

what does the vertebral artery supply?

A

posterior brain

85
Q

what are the 6 arteries of the circle of willis

A 
Anterior communicating a.
Anterior cerebral aa.
Internal Carotid aa.
Middle cerebral aa.
Posterior communicating aa.
Posterior cerebral aa.
86
Q

what is a branch of the internal carotid artery

A

ophthalmic artery

87
Q

what does the internal carotid artery anastomose with

A

posterior communicating artery

88
Q

what does the internal carotid artery terminate as?

A

middle and anterior cerebral artery

89
Q

what branches come off of basilar artery

A

inferior cerebellar a
labyrinthine a
pontine a
superior cerebellar a

90
Q

what does the basilar spilt to form?

A

posterior cerebral a

91
Q

what branches does the vertebral a give off

A

anterior and posterior spinal a

posterior inferior cerebellar a

92
Q

what does the anterior cerebral a supply

A

anterior/medial cerebrum

93
Q

what does the middle cerebral a supply

A

anterior/lateral cerebrum

94
Q

what does the posterior cerebral artery supply

A

posterior/inferior/ cerebrum

95
Q

what does the superior cerebellar a supply

A

superior cerebellum

96
Q

what does the anterior inferior cerebellar a suppply

A

anterior/inferior cerebellum

97
Q

what does the posterior inferior cerebellar a supply

A

posterior/inferior cerebellum

SP16 Anatomy Exam 2 (14 decks)

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