Craniovertebral Joints & Prevertebral Region Flashcards
what are the 2 craniovertebral joints
atlanto-occipital joint
atlanto-axial joint
what movement does the atlanto-occipital joint contribute to?
nodding movement
which joint allows tilting of the head, side-to-side
atlanto-occipital joint
which joint contributes to rotation movement
atlanto-axial joint
what kind of joint are the 2 craniovertebral joints?
synovial joints with no discs
what structure the atlanto-axial rotation move around?
dens
what does the vertebral a arise from?
subclavian a
what does the vertebral v drain into?
brachiocephalic v
what do the vertebral artery and vein enter?
foramina of C6 and above
where do the vertebral veinis arise in?
suboccipital triangle
what do the vertebral veins form?
plexuses
what are the 2 pharyngeal plexuses of veins?
external and internal plexus
where does the external plexus form outside of?
pharyngobasilar fascia
where does the internal plexus form?
between pharyngobasilar fascia and constrictor mm
what do the internal and external plexus drain into?
pterygoid plexus of vv and IJV
what do C1-C4 cervical nerves form?
cervical plexus
what do C3-C5 nerves form?
phrenic nn
where do the C3-C5 nerves descend to?
anterior scalene mm
what do the C5-C8 form?
brachial plexus
where does CN IX travel to?
posterior tongue and pharynx
where does CN X travel into?
thorax
where is CN X found in?
carotid sheath
what does CN XI travel to?
SCM and trapezius
where does CN XII travel to?
tongue
what is in the prevertebral region
sympathetic trunk CN IX X XI XII cervical spinal nn vertebral vessels pharyngeal plexuses of vv
what is the logical plane of separation of head and viscera
retropharyngeal space
what kind of tissue doe the retropharyngeal space contain?
loose connective tissue
where does CN XII enter through
hypoglossal canal
CN XII supply?
muscles of tongue
CN XI supply?
SCM and trapezius mm
what is the cranial vault lined with?
periosteal dura mater
does the periosteal dura mater run continously with the spinal column?
yes
what is beneath the periosteal dura mater
tectorial membrane
what is the tectorial membrane become inferiorly?
posterior longitundinal ligament
what is beneath the tectorial membrane?
craniovertebral joints and deep ligaments
what are the two ligaments that line the spinal cord anteriorly and posteriorly?
anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
what is a superior extension of the anterior longitudinal ligament?
anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
what is a superior extension of the posterior longitudinal ligament?
tectorial membrane
where does the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane attach?
base of occipital bone superiorly at margin of foramen magnum
what covers the anterior arch of atlas inferiorly?
anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
what is the posterior membrane between atlas and occipital bone called?
posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
what fills in gaps between posterior vertebral arches?
ligamentum flava
what are the 2 things that form part of posterior wall of vertebral canal
posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
ligamentum flavum
what are the 4 deep ligaments
transverse ligament of the atlas
cruciform ligament of the atlas
alar ligaments
apical ligament of the dens
what is the purpose of the transverse ligament of atlas
holds dens of axis (c2) tightly to anterior arch of atlas (c1)
if fractures occur at the base of the dens, does transverse ligament of atlas allow them to reunite?
nah
what are the 3 things that make up the cruciate ligament
superior longitudinal band
transverse ligament of atlas
inferior longitudinal band
what kind of shape does the cruciate ligament form?
cross
what band attaches to foramen magnum base
superior longitudinal band
what band attaches to dens of C2 post
inferior longitudinal band
where is the alar (check) ligament
extends from dens to medial portions of occipital condyles
which ligaments are super super strong?
alar (check) ligament
which ligament helps with the transverse ligament?
apical ligament of dens
what is the function of the apical ligament of dens and transverse ligament
holds dens to the anterior arch of C1
where does the apical ligament of dens attach
anterior margin of foramen magnum
what vein emerges from the jugular foramen
internal jugular vein
what enters the carotid canal
internal carotid artery
what gives rise to internal carotid plexus
sympathetic trunk
what emerges from stylomastoid foramen
CN VII
which cranial nerves emerge from jugular foramen
IX X XI
what cranial nerve emerges from hypoglossal canal
XII
which cranial nerves give rise to superior and inferior ganglia
IX X
what gives rise to superior cervical ganglion
sympathetic trunk
what sends off internal carotid plexus
sympathetic trunk
what innervates stylopharyngeus muscle
CN IX
what are the 2 branches of the vagus nerve?
pharyngeal nerve
superior laryngeal nerve
what does the pharyngeal nerve innervate
pharynx
what does the superior laryngeal nerve innervate
larynx
what is the pharyngeal plexus of nerves formed by?
union of pharyngeal branches of CN IX and CN X
what cranial nerve contributes sensory fibers to the pharyngeal plexus
CN IX
what cranial nerve contributes motor innervations to pharyngeal mm and carries p-symp?
CN X
where do the sympathetic fibers from the pharyngeal plexus of nerves come from?
superior cervical ganglion
