Posterior Cervical Triangle Flashcards
What are the 2 layers of fascia
superficial fascia
deep fascia
What is the type of tissue in the superficial fascia
subcutaneous tissue
what is the subcutaneous tissue comprised of
losse connective tissue and fat
and muscles of facial expression
what is the deep fascia
dense, organized connective tissue layer
what does the investing fascia of the neck surround
trapezius, SCM mm, and infrahyoid muscle
what does the pretracheal fascia surround?
thyroid, trachea and esophagus and posterior surface of the infrahyoid mm.
what does the buccopharyngea fascia surround
pharynx posteriorly
what is the alar fascia around?
anterior layer of prevertebral fascia and runs behind buccopharyngeal fascia
what are the components of the carotid sheath
column of fascia that surrounds the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, IJV, and vagus nerve
what are the 5 layers of the fascia of the neck
pretracheal layer carotid sheath buccopharyngeal fascia investing layer prevertebral layer
what are the 4 facial spaces of the neck?
carotid sheath
pretracheal space
retropharyngeal space
prevertebral “danger” space
where does the carotid sheath run from?
skull down into middle mediastinum
where is the pretracheal space located?
trachea and infrahyoid mm
where does the pretracheal space run from?
thyroid cartilage down into anterior mediastinum
what layers of fascia is the retropharyngeal space located?
between buccopharyngeal and alar fascia
where does the retropharyngeal space run from
skull base down into superior mediastinum
why is the prevertebral space called the danger space?
infections can go from the skull all the way to T12
carotid sheath leads to?
middle mediastinum
pretracheal space leads to?
anterior mediastinum
retropharyngeal space leads to?
superior mediastinum
prevertebral space leads to?
posterior mediastinum
zone 1 of the neck is what
thoracic inlet to cricoid cartilage
zone 2 of the neck is what
cricoid cartilage to angle of mandible
zone 3 of the neck is what
angle of mandible to base of skull
what is the anterior border of the PCT?
SCM
what is the posterior border of PCT?
trapezius
what is the inferior border of the PCT?
middle 1/3 of the clavicle
what are the 6 contents of the PCT?
platysma m EJV cutaneous nn motor nn transverse cervical and suprascapular aa deep muscles
what are the 4 cutaneous nerves of the PCT?
lesser occipital
greater auricular
transverse cervical
supraclavicular nn
where is Erb’s point?
posterior border of SCM, 1/2 way down SCM
what does the lesser occipital n supply?
scalp at apex of triangle
C2-C3
what does the great auricular n supply?
C2-C3
supplies lobe and skin posterior auricularly
what does the transverse cervical n supply
C2-C3
supplies skin of anterior cervical triangle
what are the 3 branches of supraclavicular n
medial
intermediate
lateral
what does the supraclavicular nn supply?
skin of clavicular region
C3-C4
what are the 2 motor nerves of the posterior triangle
Accessory n XI
phrenic n C3-C5
where does CN XI accessory nerve emerge from
jugular foramen of skull
what does the accessory nerve supply?
both SCM and Trapezius
where does the phrenic nerve enter the thorax?
between subclavian v and a
what does the phrenic nerve supply?
diaphragam
phrenic n (c3-c5) and what other nerve share similar origins?
supraclavicular n (c3-c4)
what are the 3 vessels of the PCT?
EJV
transverse cervical a
suprascapular a
what does EJV drain into?
subclavian v
where does the transverse cervical artery and suprascapular artery come from?
thyrocervical trunk
what are the 3 main branches of the thyrocervical trunk?
suprascapular
transverse cervicial
inferior thyroid
what are the deep muscles of the PCT?
splenius capitis m
levator scapulae m
3 scalene m
omohyoid m (inferior belly)
what is the action of splenius capitis?
extend and laterally rotate head and neck
what is the splenius capitis innervated by
dorsal rami of spinal n
what is the action of levator scapulae muscle
elevate scapula
what is the levator scapulae innervated by
dorsal scapular n (C5)
what are the 3 scalene muscles
anterior scalene m
middle scalane m
posterior scalene m
where does the anterior scalene m originate from?
trans processes of C3-C6
where does middle scalene m originate from?
trans process of C2-C7
where does posterior scalene m originate from?
C4-C6
what are the scalene muscles actions?
acts to tilt neck laterally
what are teh scalane muscles innervated by?
ventral rami C3-C8
what is the interscalene triangle formed by?
anterior scalene, middle scalene, and 1st rib
what passes through the interscalene triangle?
brachial plexus and subclavian artery
what are some clinical notes to interscalene triangle?
- muscle slips, cervical ribs or cartilage outgrowths
- compress brachial plexus or subclavian a
- contribute to thoracic outlet syndrome (compromise of nn or aa between neck and axilla)
