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SP16 Anatomy Exam 2 > Posterior Cervical Triangle > Flashcards

Posterior Cervical Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 layers of fascia

A

superficial fascia

deep fascia

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2
Q

What is the type of tissue in the superficial fascia

A

subcutaneous tissue

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3
Q

what is the subcutaneous tissue comprised of

A

losse connective tissue and fat

and muscles of facial expression

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4
Q

what is the deep fascia

A

dense, organized connective tissue layer

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5
Q

what does the investing fascia of the neck surround

A

trapezius, SCM mm, and infrahyoid muscle

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6
Q

what does the pretracheal fascia surround?

A

thyroid, trachea and esophagus and posterior surface of the infrahyoid mm.

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7
Q

what does the buccopharyngea fascia surround

A

pharynx posteriorly

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8
Q

what is the alar fascia around?

A

anterior layer of prevertebral fascia and runs behind buccopharyngeal fascia

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9
Q

what are the components of the carotid sheath

A

column of fascia that surrounds the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, IJV, and vagus nerve

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10
Q

what are the 5 layers of the fascia of the neck

A 
pretracheal layer
carotid sheath
buccopharyngeal fascia
investing layer
prevertebral layer
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11
Q

what are the 4 facial spaces of the neck?

A

carotid sheath
pretracheal space
retropharyngeal space
prevertebral “danger” space

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12
Q

where does the carotid sheath run from?

A

skull down into middle mediastinum

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13
Q

where is the pretracheal space located?

A

trachea and infrahyoid mm

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14
Q

where does the pretracheal space run from?

A

thyroid cartilage down into anterior mediastinum

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15
Q

what layers of fascia is the retropharyngeal space located?

A

between buccopharyngeal and alar fascia

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16
Q

where does the retropharyngeal space run from

A

skull base down into superior mediastinum

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17
Q

why is the prevertebral space called the danger space?

A

infections can go from the skull all the way to T12

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18
Q

carotid sheath leads to?

A

middle mediastinum

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19
Q

pretracheal space leads to?

A

anterior mediastinum

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20
Q

retropharyngeal space leads to?

A

superior mediastinum

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21
Q

prevertebral space leads to?

A

posterior mediastinum

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22
Q

zone 1 of the neck is what

A

thoracic inlet to cricoid cartilage

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23
Q

zone 2 of the neck is what

A

cricoid cartilage to angle of mandible

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24
Q

zone 3 of the neck is what

A

angle of mandible to base of skull

25
Q

what is the anterior border of the PCT?

A

SCM

26
Q

what is the posterior border of PCT?

A

trapezius

27
Q

what is the inferior border of the PCT?

A

middle 1/3 of the clavicle

28
Q

what are the 6 contents of the PCT?

A 
platysma m
EJV
cutaneous nn
motor nn
transverse cervical and suprascapular aa
deep muscles
29
Q

what are the 4 cutaneous nerves of the PCT?

A

lesser occipital
greater auricular
transverse cervical
supraclavicular nn

30
Q

where is Erb’s point?

A

posterior border of SCM, 1/2 way down SCM

31
Q

what does the lesser occipital n supply?

A

scalp at apex of triangle

C2-C3

32
Q

what does the great auricular n supply?

A

C2-C3

supplies lobe and skin posterior auricularly

33
Q

what does the transverse cervical n supply

A

C2-C3

supplies skin of anterior cervical triangle

34
Q

what are the 3 branches of supraclavicular n

A

medial
intermediate
lateral

35
Q

what does the supraclavicular nn supply?

A

skin of clavicular region

C3-C4

36
Q

what are the 2 motor nerves of the posterior triangle

A

Accessory n XI

phrenic n C3-C5

37
Q

where does CN XI accessory nerve emerge from

A

jugular foramen of skull

38
Q

what does the accessory nerve supply?

A

both SCM and Trapezius

39
Q

where does the phrenic nerve enter the thorax?

A

between subclavian v and a

40
Q

what does the phrenic nerve supply?

A

diaphragam

41
Q

phrenic n (c3-c5) and what other nerve share similar origins?

A

supraclavicular n (c3-c4)

42
Q

what are the 3 vessels of the PCT?

A

EJV
transverse cervical a
suprascapular a

43
Q

what does EJV drain into?

A

subclavian v

44
Q

where does the transverse cervical artery and suprascapular artery come from?

A

thyrocervical trunk

45
Q

what are the 3 main branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

A

suprascapular
transverse cervicial
inferior thyroid

46
Q

what are the deep muscles of the PCT?

A

splenius capitis m
levator scapulae m
3 scalene m
omohyoid m (inferior belly)

47
Q

what is the action of splenius capitis?

A

extend and laterally rotate head and neck

48
Q

what is the splenius capitis innervated by

A

dorsal rami of spinal n

49
Q

what is the action of levator scapulae muscle

A

elevate scapula

50
Q

what is the levator scapulae innervated by

A

dorsal scapular n (C5)

51
Q

what are the 3 scalene muscles

A

anterior scalene m
middle scalane m
posterior scalene m

52
Q

where does the anterior scalene m originate from?

A

trans processes of C3-C6

53
Q

where does middle scalene m originate from?

A

trans process of C2-C7

54
Q

where does posterior scalene m originate from?

A

C4-C6

55
Q

what are the scalene muscles actions?

A

acts to tilt neck laterally

56
Q

what are teh scalane muscles innervated by?

A

ventral rami C3-C8

57
Q

what is the interscalene triangle formed by?

A

anterior scalene, middle scalene, and 1st rib

58
Q

what passes through the interscalene triangle?

A

brachial plexus and subclavian artery

59
Q

what are some clinical notes to interscalene triangle?

A
  • muscle slips, cervical ribs or cartilage outgrowths
  • compress brachial plexus or subclavian a
  • contribute to thoracic outlet syndrome (compromise of nn or aa between neck and axilla)

SP16 Anatomy Exam 2 (14 decks)

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