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PTRS 710 Exam 4 > Skull/Development of Neck/Cranial Fossa & Suboccipital Region > Flashcards

Skull/Development of Neck/Cranial Fossa & Suboccipital Region Flashcards

1
Q

Fontanelle

A

Fibrous sutures where several bones meet

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2
Q

Anterior Fontanelle

A

Closes around 18-24 months

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3
Q

Posterior Fontanelle

A

Closes around 9 months

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4
Q

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

A

Appear in midline above, wrapped around, or below hyoid
Move up/down when swallowing & protruding the tongue (interfering w/ swallowing)
Infected during childhood -> surgical removal is recommended

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5
Q

Cleft Lip

A

When medial nasal process fails to fuse w/ the maxillary process

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6
Q

Dura Mater

A

Tough connective tissue that supports and protects brain

Divide into 2 layers - outer endosteal & meningeal

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7
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Serves as fluid barrier

Filled with CSF

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8
Q

Pia Mater

A

Covers brain’s surface

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9
Q

Extradural/Epidural Space

A

Superficial to dura mater

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10
Q

Subdural Space

A

Between due and fluid impermeable layer of arachnoid mater

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11
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

Filled w/ CSF

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12
Q

Epidural Hemorrhage

A

Accumulation of blood can compress brain between dura mater & bone
Caused by skull fracture

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13
Q

Progression of Epidural Hemorrhage

A

To herniation or death w/o surgery

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14
Q

Subdural Hemorrhage

A

Blood accumulation between dura & arachnoid mater

Occurs from relatively minor trauma

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15
Q

Subdural Hemorrhage Characteristics

A

Acute or chronic spending on pressure of the vessel torn

Children & aged adults w/ brain atrophy at greatest risk

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16
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A

Rupture of aneurysm

Produces blood w/in CSF & spinal tap will be bloody

17
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Symptoms

A

Severe headache
Stiff neck
Loss of consciousness

18
Q

Intracerebral Hemorrhage

A

Often from hypertension & results in paralytic strokes

19
Q

Venous Sinuses of Dura Mater

A

Between 2 layers of dura

Carry blood from brain

20
Q

Arachnoid VIlli

A

Main site of CSF passage into venous blood

21
Q

CSF

A

Mechanical & protective support of brain

Serves as ion sink for brain excitability

22
Q

Flow of CSF

A

Produces in choroid plexuses w/ lateral, third, & fourth ventricles → Interventricular foramina → Third ventricle → Cerebral aqueduct → Fourth ventricle → Median or lateral apertures → Absorbed into venous blood through the arachnoid villi

23
Q

Blood to brain comes from

A

Internal carotid

Vertebral arteries

24
Q

Tension-type headache

A

Episodic & chronic

25
Q

Miscellaneous headaches unassociated with lesion

A

Ice cream

Sex

26
Q

Head trauma associated headache

A

Acute & Chronic posttraumatic headache

27
Q

Headache w/ vascular disorder

A

Stroke

Sub-epidural hematoma

28
Q

Headache w/ nonvascular disorder

A

High & low CSF pressure

29
Q

Headache w/ acute substance use/withdrawal

A

Caffeine
MSG
Nitrate/nitrite

30
Q

Headache w/ noncephalic infection

A

Systemic viral

31
Q

Metabolic disorder headaches

A

High altitude

Hypoglycemia

32
Q

Cranial neuralgia, nerve trunk pain & differentiated pain

A

Herpes zoster

Trigeminal neuralgia

33
Q

Suboccipital Triangle

A

Formed by rectus capitis major, obliquus capitis inferior and obliquus capitis superior

34
Q

Suboccipital triangle contains

A

Vertebral artery

Suboccipital nerve

35
Q

“Yes” Joint

A

Atlas & occipital bone junction

Stabilized by posterior/anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

36
Q

“No” Joint

A

Atlas & axis articulation
Cruciform ligament holds atlas to dens
Alar ligament joints dens to occipital condyle

37
Q

Whiplash

A

Hyperextension/flexion of neck by sudden forward acceleration
Anterior longitudinal ligament & anterior neck muscles are stretched/torn

38
Q

Whiplash Complications

A

Intervertebral disc rupture
Hangman’s
Breakage of dens

PTRS 710 Exam 4 (8 decks)

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