Face & Scalp/Eye & Orbit Flashcards
Sclera
White of eye
Pupil
Dark, circular aperture allowing light
Iris
Colored portion of eye that surrounds the pupil
Cornea
Clear extension of sclera covering eyes & pupil
Provides 2/3 of focusing power
Muscles of Facial Expression
Insert in skin & originate from bone & fascia
Facial Muscles Innervation
Branches of Facial (T,Z,B,M,C)
Muscles of mouth
Orbicularis oris
Depressor anguli oris
Zygomaticus major/minor
Bell’s Palsy
Paralysis of facial muscles
Idopathic
Unilateral
Bell’s Palsy Characteristics
Herpes simplex Mouth draws to unaffected side Cannot wink Close eye Wrinkle forehead
Sensory Innervation
3 divisions of trigeminal (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular)
Blood Supply
Internal & external carotid arteries
SCALP
Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Periosteum
Acromegaly
Increased growth hormone
Elongated head
Bony prominence of forehead/nose/lower jaw
Soft tissue of nose/lips/ears enlarged
Cushing’s
Increased adrenal hormone
Round or moon face
Excessive hair growth in mustache/chin/sideburns
Lacrimal Gland
Produces tears to keep eye moist
Sty
Acute, purulent inflammation of eyelid
Caused by staph aureus
Chalazion
Lump in eyelid as result of blockage of one of tarsal glands
Conjuctivitis (Pink Eye)
Inflammation of conjunctiva
Allergic Pink Eye
Typically itchy eye
Viral Pink Eye
Associated w/ cold
Presents w/ watery discharge
Variable itch
Bacterial Pink Eye
Grittiness or irritation
Stringy opaque, grey/yellowish mucopurulent discharge
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Innervated by oculomotor
Main elevator of upper eyelid
Superior tarsal & Frontalis
Aid in raising eyelid
Orbicularis Oculi
Closes eyelid
Innervated by temporal/zygomatic branches of facial
Blow-Out Fracture
Fracture of maxillary bone causing profusion of orbital contents into sinus
H test
Test extraocular muscles
Rectus Muscles
Arise from common tendinous ring Superior/Inferior/Medial/Lateral Move eye Pull eye into socket Innervated by oculomotor, except lateral (abducens)
Oblique muscles
Superior and Inferior
Protrude eyes w/in orbits
Superior runs through pulley
Superior innervated by trochlear and inferior by oculomotor
Adductors
Medial, superior, and inferior rectus
Abductors
Inferior and superior oblique
Lateral rectus
Elevators
Inferior oblique
Superior rectus
Depressors
Superior oblique
Inferior rectus
Medial Rotators (intorsion)
Superior rectus and oblique
Lateral Rotators (extorsion)
Inferior rectus and oblique
Exophthalmos
Eyes that protude
From Grave’s Disease
Due to inc size of extra ocular muscles & edema
Glaucoma
Excessive pressure within eye leading to inadequate blood supply and slow onset blindness
Presbyopia
Loss of lens elasticity w/ age
Become farsighted
Cataract
Loss of transparency of lens
Papilledema
Swelling of optic disc
Pooling of blood in veins on retina’s surface
Caused by excessive CSF pressure
Horner’ Syndrome Symptoms
Ptosis,
Miosis (pupillary constriction)
Anhidrosis (reduced sweating)
Horner’s Syndrome
Caused by loss of sympathetic innervation of head
Unilaterally
