Pharynx/Larynx/Thyroid Flashcards
Pharynx
Common route for food and air
Formed of 3 constrictor and 3 elevator muscles
Pharynx Regions
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Soft Palate
Close off nasopharynx from oropharynx
Allow to blow forcibly out mouth
Epiglottis
Fibrocartilage that flips down to cover inlet of larynx
Glottis
Vocal folds and aperture closed to prevent from entering respiratory tract
Constrictors (CN X)
Superior
Medial
Inferior
Elevators
Helps open auditory tube during swallowing
Elevator Muscles (CN IX)
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus
Tensor palati (CN V3)
Tenses soft palate & helps to open auditory tube during swallowing
Levator Palate (CN X)
Elevates soft palate
Palatopharyngeus (CN X)
Lowers soft palate and raises pharynx
Palatoglossus (CN X)
Lowers soft palate and raise tongue
Larynx
Protect and provide phonation
9 cartilage
3 unpaired (thyroid, cricoid, epiglottic) 3 paired (arytenoid, corniculate, cuniform)
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
Largest and most important muscle
Only abductor opening
Transverse Arytenoid
Adducts vocal cords
Oblique Arytenoid
Helps close vestibule of larynx during swallowing
Sleep Apnea and Snoring
Dropping of tongue
Enlarged tonsils
Soft palate
Uvular Deviation
Check for CN X motor lesion
Laryngitis
Inflammation of vocal cords
Viral
Larynx Innervation
Recurrent laryngeal - motor to all except cricothyroid (external laryngeal)
KLM Sounds
Kah - tests soft palate elevation (vagus)
La - tests tongue function (hypoglossal)
MA - tests opening of mouth (facial)
Thyroid
Produces thyroid hormone - maintains metabolism of tissue
Goiter
Abnormal enlargement
Parathyroid
4 glands
Produces parathryroid hormone - essential for life & maintaining calcium levels
Thoracic Outlet Boundaries
1st rib
Manubrium of sternum
1st thoracic vertebrae
Thoracic Outlet Characteristics
Anterior scalene attaches to 1st rib
Subclavian artery/brachial plexus runs posterior to anterior scalene
Phrenic/vagus and subclavian vein anterior to anterior scalene
