Skull Flashcards
1
Q
suture between frontal and parietal bones
A
coronal suture
2
Q
suture between frontal bone and maxilla
A
frontomaxillary
3
Q
suture between frontal and zygomatic bones
A
frontozygomatic
4
Q
suture between frontal and nasal bones
A
frontonasal
5
Q
suture between the two maxillary bones
A
intermaxillary suture
6
Q
suture between parietal and occipital bones (^ shape)
A
lambdoid suture
7
Q
suture between the palatine bones
A
median palatine
8
Q
suture between the occipital and mastoid portion of the temporal bone (basically a continiation of the lamdoid suture)
A
occipitomastoid suture
9
Q
suture between the mastoid part of the temporal bone and parietal bone
A
parietomastoid suture
10
Q
suture between the parietal bones (on the midline)
A
sagittal suture
11
Q
suture between squamous part of temporal bone and parietal bone
A
squamosal
12
Q
suture between sphenoid and frontal bone
A
sphenofrontal
13
Q
suture between the sphenoid and occipital bone (on the ectocranial surface of the base)
A
sphenoocipital suture
14
Q
suture betwen sphenoid and parietal bone
A
sphenoparietal suture
15
Q
suture between the sphenoid and temporal bones
A
spenosquamosal
16
Q
suture between the sphenoid and zygomatic bones
A
sphenozygomatic
17
Q
suture between the temporal and zygomatic bones
A
temporozygomatic
18
Q
suture between the maxilla and palatine bones (in the roof of the mouth)
A
transverse palatine
19
Q
suture between maxilla and zygoma
A
zygomaticomaxillary
20
Q
what is a metopic suture?
A
a retained frontal suture; a non-metric trait in adults
21
Q
where is bregma located?
A
at the intersection between the coronal and sagittal sutures
22
Q
where is lambda located?
A
at the intersection between the sagittal and lambdoid sutures
23
Q
where is pterion?
A
the area where the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones meet (not all at one point but in a small area!)
24
Q
which bone are the frontal bosses a feature of and what are they?
A
protrusions of the frontal bone
25
which bone posses supraorbital ridges (or glabella) and what are they?
the brow ridge
| on the frontal bone
26
what is the supraorbital margin and what bone forms them?
top of the orbit, formed by the frontal bone
27
where is the supraorbital foramen located?
foramen in the supraorbital margin (on frontal bone), transmits the supraorbital nerve
28
on which bone is the zygomatic process present?
frontal bone
29
where is the frontal crest located?
crest on the endocranial surface at the anterior of the skull
30
what are arachnoid granulations and where are they found?
small holes/depressions on the midline of the endocranial surface of the frontal bone and present near the saggital suture (as granulations/fovea)
31
where is the ethmoid notch/groove located and what is its funciton?
frontal bone
| where the ethmoid sits
32
what forms the meningeal grooves and what direction do they travel?
from meningeal vessels
| run from inferior to superior-posterior (diagonally backwards) so can be used to identify and side the parietal bone
33
what can be used to side the parietal bone?
the 90o at bregma (the frontal angle)
middle meningeal vessel is anteirorly close to the coronal suture
the direction of the meningeal grooves
34
where is the mastoid process found and what does it attach?
temporal bone
| sternocleidomastoid
35
where is the external auditory meatus found?
temporal bone
36
where is the internal auditory meatus?
within th epetrous temporal bone
37
where is the glenoid/mandibular fossa?
anterior to external auditory meatus
| forms the temporomandibular joint
38
where is the styloid process?
temporal bone
39
where is the pars lateralis?
occipital bone on either side of the foramen magnum, contains the occipital condyles (that articulate with C1)
40
where is the basilar process and what does it form when articulated with the sphenoid?
on occipital bone, just anterior to the foramen magnum
| forms the basilar synchrondosis
41
on what bone is the external occipital protuberance found?
occipital bone
42
what are the nuchal lines called and what do they attach?
superior - trapezius
infeiror - rectus capitis posterior
between - semispinalis capitis
43
where is the transverse sulcus and what is it's significance?
occipital bone
| for transverse sinus providing venous drainage of the brain
44
where is the sagittal sulcus and what is it's significane?
occipital bone
| for sagittal sinus, continues from parietal sulcus
45
what does the greater wing of the sphenoid articulate with?
frontal, parietal and temporal bones
46
what bone do the medial and lateral pterygoid plates belong and what do they articulate with?
```
sphenoid
anteriorly with palatines
posterorly with maxilla
medial plate forms part of the nose
lateral is for attachment with the medial and lateral pterygoid (mandible)
```
47
what does the stella turcica contain?
pituitary fossa for the pituitary gland
48
where are the clinoid processes?
surround the four corners of the stella turcica of the sphenoid
49
what cranial nerves are transmitted by the superior orbital fissure?
CNIII, IV and VI
50
what nerve is transmitted by the optic foramen/canal?
CNII
51
what does the foramen spinosum transmit?
middle meningeal artery
52
what nerve does the foramen rotundum transmit?
CN V
53
what does the foramen ovale transmit?
CNV3
accessory meningeal artery
lesser petrosal nerve
emissery vein
54
what does the foramen lacerum transmit and what bones contribute to it?
carotid artery
| sphenoid, occipital, temporal
55
what foramen are present on the zygomatic bone?
zygomatico-orbital foramen
zygomatico-facial foramen
zygomatico-temporal foramen (CN VII)
56
what processes are present on the zygomatic bone and what do they articulate with?
maxillary process - maxilla
fronto-sphenoidal process - frontal and sphenoid bones
temporal/zygomatic process - articulations with temporal and zygomatic bones
57
what does the frontal process of the maxilla form?
the nasal aperture
58
what do the alveolar processes contain?
teeth
| alveolus = tooth socket
59
what bone contains the anterior nasal spine and what does it form?
maxilla
| most inferior/anteiror part of nasal aperture
60
what formes the canine eminence and where is it found?
maxilla
| created by large single root of canines
61
what do the incisive foramen/canals supply?
blood to the palate
62
what does the infraorbital foramen transmit and where is it found?
infraorbital artery and vein maxillary sinus
| maxilla
63
where is the lacrimal groove and what does it transmit?
lacrimal bone, opens into inferior meatus of nose
| transmits the nasolacrimal duct
64
what bone contains the cribiform plate?
ethmoid
65
where is the crista galli?
perpindicular crest of the ethmoid
66
where is the perpindicular plate?
most inferior part of the the ethmoid
67
which turbinate does the inferior nasal concha form?
inferior (middle and superior are from the ethmoid)
68
what are the names of the ear ossicles?
malleolus, incus and stapes
69
what is the function of the coronoid process of the mandible?
attachment of the temporalis
70
what does the madnibular condyle articulate wtih?
articular disc of the TMJ
71
what does the gonial angle of the mandible attach?
masseter
72
what is the mental tuberosity/mentum of the mandible colloquially known as?
the chin
73
where is the mental foramen and what does it transmit?
mandible
| CNV
74
what do the mental spines attach?
genioglossus
75
where is the mylohyoid groove and what does it transmit?
mandible
| passage of mylohyoid vessels and CNV
76
sexing the skull: whole skull
female: small, smooth and rounded
male: large and rugged
77
sexing the skull: nuchal crest
female: small rounded
male: large, hooked
78
sexing the skull: mastoid process
female: small
male: large
note: volume not length
79
sexing the skull: supraorbital margin
female: sharp, thin
male: thickened, rounded
80
sexing the skull: supraorbital ridge/glabella
female: smooth, no projection
male: large, most of anterior position
81
sexing the skull: frontal and parietal eminences
female: pronounced
males: small
82
sexing the skull: orbit
female: rounded, higher
male: squared, lower
83
sexing the skull: frontal and zygomatic
female: vertical frontal, light zygomatic
male: slopign frontal, heavy zygomatic
84
sexing the skull: palate
female: smaller, parabolic
male: larger, u-shaped
85
sexing the skull: mandible
female: small, gracial, gonial angle >90o, slight gonial faring
male: large, broad ramus, gonial angle 90o, pronounced gonial flaring
86
what are the foramen on the external surface of base of the skull? (from posteiror to anterior)
```
condylar canal
stylomastoid foramen
jugular foramen
carotid canal
foramen lacerum
foramen spinosum
foramen ovale
```
87
what are the foramen on the internal surface of the base of the skull? (from posterior to anterior)
```
condylar canal
jugular foramen
internal acoustic meatus
foramen lacerum
foramen spinosum
foramen ovale
foramen rotundum
superior orbital fissue
optic canal
```
88
how do Meindl and Lovejoy (1985) classify suture closure and how do they use it to determine age?
```
0 = open
1 = minimal (single bone bridge to 50%)
2 = signifcant (more than 50% closed)
3 = obliterated (complete closure)
add the scores to provide a composite score that corresponds to an age
```
