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Forensic Osteology > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

1
Q

suture between frontal and parietal bones

A

coronal suture

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2
Q

suture between frontal bone and maxilla

A

frontomaxillary

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3
Q

suture between frontal and zygomatic bones

A

frontozygomatic

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4
Q

suture between frontal and nasal bones

A

frontonasal

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5
Q

suture between the two maxillary bones

A

intermaxillary suture

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6
Q

suture between parietal and occipital bones (^ shape)

A

lambdoid suture

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7
Q

suture between the palatine bones

A

median palatine

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8
Q

suture between the occipital and mastoid portion of the temporal bone (basically a continiation of the lamdoid suture)

A

occipitomastoid suture

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9
Q

suture between the mastoid part of the temporal bone and parietal bone

A

parietomastoid suture

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10
Q

suture between the parietal bones (on the midline)

A

sagittal suture

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11
Q

suture between squamous part of temporal bone and parietal bone

A

squamosal

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12
Q

suture between sphenoid and frontal bone

A

sphenofrontal

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13
Q

suture between the sphenoid and occipital bone (on the ectocranial surface of the base)

A

sphenoocipital suture

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14
Q

suture betwen sphenoid and parietal bone

A

sphenoparietal suture

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15
Q

suture between the sphenoid and temporal bones

A

spenosquamosal

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16
Q

suture between the sphenoid and zygomatic bones

A

sphenozygomatic

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17
Q

suture between the temporal and zygomatic bones

A

temporozygomatic

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18
Q

suture between the maxilla and palatine bones (in the roof of the mouth)

A

transverse palatine

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19
Q

suture between maxilla and zygoma

A

zygomaticomaxillary

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20
Q

what is a metopic suture?

A

a retained frontal suture; a non-metric trait in adults

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21
Q

where is bregma located?

A

at the intersection between the coronal and sagittal sutures

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22
Q

where is lambda located?

A

at the intersection between the sagittal and lambdoid sutures

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23
Q

where is pterion?

A

the area where the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones meet (not all at one point but in a small area!)

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24
Q

which bone are the frontal bosses a feature of and what are they?

A

protrusions of the frontal bone

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25
Q

which bone posses supraorbital ridges (or glabella) and what are they?

A

the brow ridge

on the frontal bone

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26
Q

what is the supraorbital margin and what bone forms them?

A

top of the orbit, formed by the frontal bone

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27
Q

where is the supraorbital foramen located?

A

foramen in the supraorbital margin (on frontal bone), transmits the supraorbital nerve

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28
Q

on which bone is the zygomatic process present?

A

frontal bone

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29
Q

where is the frontal crest located?

A

crest on the endocranial surface at the anterior of the skull

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30
Q

what are arachnoid granulations and where are they found?

A

small holes/depressions on the midline of the endocranial surface of the frontal bone and present near the saggital suture (as granulations/fovea)

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31
Q

where is the ethmoid notch/groove located and what is its funciton?

A

frontal bone

where the ethmoid sits

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32
Q

what forms the meningeal grooves and what direction do they travel?

A

from meningeal vessels

run from inferior to superior-posterior (diagonally backwards) so can be used to identify and side the parietal bone

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33
Q

what can be used to side the parietal bone?

A

the 90o at bregma (the frontal angle)
middle meningeal vessel is anteirorly close to the coronal suture
the direction of the meningeal grooves

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34
Q

where is the mastoid process found and what does it attach?

A

temporal bone

sternocleidomastoid

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35
Q

where is the external auditory meatus found?

A

temporal bone

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36
Q

where is the internal auditory meatus?

A

within th epetrous temporal bone

37
Q

where is the glenoid/mandibular fossa?

A

anterior to external auditory meatus

forms the temporomandibular joint

38
Q

where is the styloid process?

A

temporal bone

39
Q

where is the pars lateralis?

A

occipital bone on either side of the foramen magnum, contains the occipital condyles (that articulate with C1)

40
Q

where is the basilar process and what does it form when articulated with the sphenoid?

A

on occipital bone, just anterior to the foramen magnum

forms the basilar synchrondosis

41
Q

on what bone is the external occipital protuberance found?

A

occipital bone

42
Q

what are the nuchal lines called and what do they attach?

A

superior - trapezius
infeiror - rectus capitis posterior
between - semispinalis capitis

43
Q

where is the transverse sulcus and what is it’s significance?

A

occipital bone

for transverse sinus providing venous drainage of the brain

44
Q

where is the sagittal sulcus and what is it’s significane?

A

occipital bone

for sagittal sinus, continues from parietal sulcus

45
Q

what does the greater wing of the sphenoid articulate with?

A

frontal, parietal and temporal bones

46
Q

what bone do the medial and lateral pterygoid plates belong and what do they articulate with?

A 
sphenoid
anteriorly with palatines
posterorly with maxilla
medial plate forms part of the nose
lateral is for attachment with the medial and lateral pterygoid (mandible)
47
Q

what does the stella turcica contain?

A

pituitary fossa for the pituitary gland

48
Q

where are the clinoid processes?

A

surround the four corners of the stella turcica of the sphenoid

49
Q

what cranial nerves are transmitted by the superior orbital fissure?

A

CNIII, IV and VI

50
Q

what nerve is transmitted by the optic foramen/canal?

A

CNII

51
Q

what does the foramen spinosum transmit?

A

middle meningeal artery

52
Q

what nerve does the foramen rotundum transmit?

A

CN V

53
Q

what does the foramen ovale transmit?

A

CNV3
accessory meningeal artery
lesser petrosal nerve
emissery vein

54
Q

what does the foramen lacerum transmit and what bones contribute to it?

A

carotid artery

sphenoid, occipital, temporal

55
Q

what foramen are present on the zygomatic bone?

A

zygomatico-orbital foramen
zygomatico-facial foramen
zygomatico-temporal foramen (CN VII)

56
Q

what processes are present on the zygomatic bone and what do they articulate with?

A

maxillary process - maxilla
fronto-sphenoidal process - frontal and sphenoid bones
temporal/zygomatic process - articulations with temporal and zygomatic bones

57
Q

what does the frontal process of the maxilla form?

A

the nasal aperture

58
Q

what do the alveolar processes contain?

A

teeth

alveolus = tooth socket

59
Q

what bone contains the anterior nasal spine and what does it form?

A

maxilla

most inferior/anteiror part of nasal aperture

60
Q

what formes the canine eminence and where is it found?

A

maxilla

created by large single root of canines

61
Q

what do the incisive foramen/canals supply?

A

blood to the palate

62
Q

what does the infraorbital foramen transmit and where is it found?

A

infraorbital artery and vein maxillary sinus

maxilla

63
Q

where is the lacrimal groove and what does it transmit?

A

lacrimal bone, opens into inferior meatus of nose

transmits the nasolacrimal duct

64
Q

what bone contains the cribiform plate?

A

ethmoid

65
Q

where is the crista galli?

A

perpindicular crest of the ethmoid

66
Q

where is the perpindicular plate?

A

most inferior part of the the ethmoid

67
Q

which turbinate does the inferior nasal concha form?

A

inferior (middle and superior are from the ethmoid)

68
Q

what are the names of the ear ossicles?

A

malleolus, incus and stapes

69
Q

what is the function of the coronoid process of the mandible?

A

attachment of the temporalis

70
Q

what does the madnibular condyle articulate wtih?

A

articular disc of the TMJ

71
Q

what does the gonial angle of the mandible attach?

A

masseter

72
Q

what is the mental tuberosity/mentum of the mandible colloquially known as?

A

the chin

73
Q

where is the mental foramen and what does it transmit?

A

mandible

CNV

74
Q

what do the mental spines attach?

A

genioglossus

75
Q

where is the mylohyoid groove and what does it transmit?

A

mandible

passage of mylohyoid vessels and CNV

76
Q

sexing the skull: whole skull

A

female: small, smooth and rounded
male: large and rugged

77
Q

sexing the skull: nuchal crest

A

female: small rounded
male: large, hooked

78
Q

sexing the skull: mastoid process

A

female: small
male: large
note: volume not length

79
Q

sexing the skull: supraorbital margin

A

female: sharp, thin
male: thickened, rounded

80
Q

sexing the skull: supraorbital ridge/glabella

A

female: smooth, no projection
male: large, most of anterior position

81
Q

sexing the skull: frontal and parietal eminences

A

female: pronounced
males: small

82
Q

sexing the skull: orbit

A

female: rounded, higher
male: squared, lower

83
Q

sexing the skull: frontal and zygomatic

A

female: vertical frontal, light zygomatic
male: slopign frontal, heavy zygomatic

84
Q

sexing the skull: palate

A

female: smaller, parabolic
male: larger, u-shaped

85
Q

sexing the skull: mandible

A

female: small, gracial, gonial angle >90o, slight gonial faring
male: large, broad ramus, gonial angle 90o, pronounced gonial flaring

86
Q

what are the foramen on the external surface of base of the skull? (from posteiror to anterior)

A 
condylar canal
stylomastoid foramen
jugular foramen
carotid canal
foramen lacerum
foramen spinosum
foramen ovale
87
Q

what are the foramen on the internal surface of the base of the skull? (from posterior to anterior)

A 
condylar canal
jugular foramen
internal acoustic meatus
foramen lacerum
foramen spinosum
foramen ovale
foramen rotundum
superior orbital fissue
optic canal
88
Q

how do Meindl and Lovejoy (1985) classify suture closure and how do they use it to determine age?

A 
0 = open
1 = minimal (single bone bridge to 50%)
2 = signifcant (more than 50% closed)
3 = obliterated (complete closure)
add the scores to provide a composite score that corresponds to an age

Forensic Osteology (8 decks)

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